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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Genetics
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The scientific study of heredity and genes
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True-breeding
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When organisms produce offspring identical to themselves
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Trait
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A specific characteristic of an an organism
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Hybrids
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Crosses between parents with different traits
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Genes
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Factors that are passed down through the generations that produce traits.
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Alleles
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The different forms of a gene
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Segregation
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the separation of alleles
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Gametes
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the formation of sex cells
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Homoloqous
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the set of 4 chromosomes that come from each parent
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diploid
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a cell that contains broth sets of homoloqous chromosomes (a regular cell)
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Haploid
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Cells that only have 1 set of homologous chromosomes (sex cells)
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Meoisis
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how haploid cells are created from diploid cells. (sex cells created from normal cells)
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Tetrad
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When each chromosome pairs with its corresponding chromosome in Meoisis
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Crossing-over
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When homologous chromosomes exchange alleles
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Punnett squares
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A diagram that shows the possible results from a genetic cross
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homozygous organisms
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organisms that have the same alleles for a particular trait
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Heterozygous organisms
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organisms that have different alleles for a particular trait
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phenotype
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physical characteristics
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genotype
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the genetic make up of the physic characteristics
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incomplete dominance
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when one allele is not completely dominant over the other
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codominance
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when both alleles contribute to the phenotype
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multiple alleles
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when genes are controlled by more than two alleles
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polygenic traits
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traits controlled by two or more genes
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