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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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DNA |
- Repository of info for protein synthesis - formed from nucleotides (A, G, C, T) - purines: A & G - nitrogenous bases: T & C |
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RNA |
- copies instructions for protein synthesis - transfers info and helps translates it - formed from nucleotides (A, G, C, U) - purines: A & G - pyrimidines: U & C |
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Nucleotides |
- building blocks of DNA and RNA - formed of phosphate group, pentose sugar, and nitrogenous base |
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DNA and RNA strands |
linear polymer strands of DNA and RNA |
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DNA Double Helix |
two strands of DNA |
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Nucleotide Numbering System |
- sugar carbons numbered 1' to 5' - base attached to 1' - phosphate attached to 5' |
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Strands |
- nucleotides covalently bonded in a strand - backbone formed from phosphates and sugars |
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Features of DNA |
- double-stranded - ~10 nucleotides per helical turn |
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DNA Base-Pairing rules |
- (A)denine -> (t)hymine - (g)uanine -> (c)ytosine -DNA strands are complimentary and antiparallel |
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DNA complimentary strand 5' -- GCGGATTT -- 3' |
3' -- CGCCTAAA -- 5' |
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DNA -> mRNA
ATGTC |
UACAG |
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mRNA -> tRNA AGGUC |
UCCAG |
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DNA grooves |
- major groove: proteins bind to affect gene expression - minor groove: narrower |
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DNA Replication Models |
- Semiconservative Model - Conservative Model - Dispersive Model |
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Semiconservative Replication |
- 2 parental strands separate and are templates for creation of new strands - End result: 2 new double helices with same base sequence as original DNA molecule |
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Features of DNA Polymerase |
- DNA polymerase can't start on bare template strand - needs primer to start - RNA primer removed and replaced with DNA later - DNA polymerase adds nucleotides only in the 5' to 3' direction. (5' to 3' refers to direction of synthesis of daughter strands) |
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DNA replication is very accurate |
- hydrogen bonds between A & T, and G & C is more stable than mismatched combos. - mismatched pairs don't usually form bonds - DNA polymerase can proofread to delete mismatched pairs |
