Biology Chapter 11: Dna And The Language Of Life

Front 1

virus

Back 1

a package of nucleic acid wrapped in a protein coat

Front 2

bacteriophage

Back 2

a virus that infects a bateria

Front 3

What carries genetic material?

Back 3

DNA

Front 4

DNA

Back 4

deoxyribonucleic acid

Front 5

nucleotide

Back 5

building blocks of nucleic acid polymers

Front 6

nucleotide parts

Back 6

1. ring shaped sugar - deoxyriboser
2. phosphate group
3. nitrogenous base

Front 7

Pyrimidines

Back 7

thymine and cytosine

Front 8

Purines

Back 8

adenine and guanine

Front 9

the nitrogenous bases are bound together by...

Back 9

a hydrogen bond

Front 10

adenenine

Back 10

thymine

Front 11

cytosine

Back 11

guanine

Front 12

what shape is DNA?

Back 12

double helix

Front 13

nucleotides are joined by ...... bonds

Back 13

covalent bonds connecting the sugar of one nucleotide to the phosphate group of the next

Front 14

scientists responsible for double helix model

Back 14

James Watson and Francis Crick

Front 15

dna replication

Back 15

the process of copying the DNA

Front 16

nucleotide parts

Back 16

1. ring shaped sugar - deoxyriboser
2. phosphate group
3. nitrogenous base

Front 17

Pyrimidines

Back 17

thymine and cytosine

Front 18

Purines

Back 18

adenine and guanine

Front 19

the nitrogenous bases are bound together by...

Back 19

a hydrogen bond

Front 20

adenenine

Back 20

thymine

Front 21

cytosine

Back 21

guanine

Front 22

what shape is DNA?

Back 22

double helix

Front 23

nucleotides are joined by ...... bonds

Back 23

covalent bonds connecting the sugar of one nucleotide to the phosphate group of the next

Front 24

scientists responsible for double helix model

Back 24

James Watson and Francis Crick

Front 25

dna replication

Back 25

the process of copying the DNA

Front 26

DNA polymerase

Back 26

enzymes that make the covalent bonds between the nucleotides of the new DNA strand

Front 27

when does DNA replication occur?

Back 27

before a cell divides (to ensure that the cells carry the same genetic material)

Front 28

RNA

Back 28

ribonucleic acid

Front 29

nucleotide parts
*RNA

Back 29

1. sugar - ribose
2. phosphate group
3. nitrogenous base

Front 30

RNA is....

Back 30

single stranded

Front 31

Nitrogenous bases of RNA

Back 31

Uracil, Cytosine } pyrimidines
Adenine, guanine } purines

Front 32

transcription

Back 32

DNA's nucleotide sequence is converted to the form of a single stranded RNA molecule

Front 33

mRNA

Back 33

messenger RNA

Front 34

translation

Back 34

mRNA and tRNA work together to "decode" the DNA's message and create the appropriate protein (or polypeptide)

Front 35

codon:

Back 35

set of three nitrogenous bases on mRNA that code for the specific amino acid needed to create the polypeptide

Front 36

where does translation occur?

Back 36

ribosome

Front 37

where does transcription occur?

Back 37

nucleus

Front 38

where does RNA splicing occur?

Back 38

nucleus

Front 39

what happens to the mRNA in prokaryotic cells?

Back 39

it is directly used by the ribosome to create a polypeptide

Front 40

what happens to the mRNA in a eukaryotic cell?

Back 40

mRNA must be processed before leaving the nucleus

Front 41

RNA splicing

Back 41

the introns have to be removed and the exons are spliced together

Front 42

introns

Back 42

non-coding sections

Front 43

exons

Back 43

coding sections

Front 44

spliceosomes

Back 44

complexs that cut out the introns and glue together the exons

Front 45

one gene - one polypeptide

Back 45

Beadle and Tatum proved that most genes code for a polypeptide which may be part of an enzyme or another kind of protein

Front 46

where does translation occur?

Back 46

ribosome

Front 47

where does transcription occur?

Back 47

nucleus

Front 48

where does RNA splicing occur?

Back 48

nucleus

Front 49

what happens to the mRNA in prokaryotic cells?

Back 49

it is directly used by the ribosome to create a polypeptide

Front 50

what happens to the mRNA in a eukaryotic cell?

Back 50

mRNA must be processed before leaving the nucleus

Front 51

RNA splicing

Back 51

the introns have to be removed and the exons are spliced together

Front 52

introns

Back 52

non-coding sections

Front 53

exons

Back 53

coding sections

Front 54

spliceosomes

Back 54

complexs that cut out the introns and glue together the exons

Front 55

one gene - one polypeptide

Back 55

Beadle and Tatum proved that most genes code for a polypeptide which may be part of an enzyme or another kind of protein

Front 56

what did beadle and tatum use in their experiment?

Back 56

bread mold

Front 57

tRNA

Back 57

transfer RNA, moves a.a. to the ribosome

Front 58

mutation

Back 58

any change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA

Front 59

types of mutations

Back 59

base substitution and base insertion/deletion

Front 60

mutagen

Back 60

physical/chemical agent that causes a mutation (i.e. radiation, chemicals, UV-rays)

Front 61

silent mutation

Back 61

no product change (protein stays the same)