Biology Chapter 1 And 2 Vocabulary

Front 1

Atom

Back 1

basic unit of matter.

Front 2

Nucleus

Back 2

strong forced bind protons and neutrons at the center of the nucleus

Front 3

Electron

Back 3

negatively charged particle with 1/1840 that mass of a proton

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Element

Back 4

a pure substance that consists entirely of one atom type

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Isotope

Back 5

atoms of the same element that differ in number of neutrons

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Compound

Back 6

a substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions.

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Ionic Bond

Back 7

formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another

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Covalent Bond

Back 8

forms when electrons are shared between atoms.

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molecule

Back 9

smallest unit of most compounds

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Cohesion

Back 10

an attraction between molecules of the same substance.

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Adhesion

Back 11

an attraction between molecules of the same substance

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Mixture

Back 12

a material compsed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined

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Solute

Back 13

the substance that is dissolved

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Solvent

Back 14

the substance in which the solute is dissolved.

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Suspension

Back 15

mixtures of water and nondissolve material

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pH Scale

Back 16

measurement system to indicate the concentration of H+ ions and OH ions is equal

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Acid

Back 17

and compounds that form H+ ions in solution

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Base

Back 18

a compound that produced hydoxide ions (OH- ions) in solution.

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Buffer

Back 19

weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp, sudden changes in pH

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Monomer

Back 20

smaller units

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Polymers

Back 21

made from monomers

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Carbohydrates

Back 22

compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen adn oxygen atoms usually a 1:2:1 ratio

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Monosaccharides

Back 23

sigle sugar molecules

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Polysaccharide

Back 24

large macromolecules formed from monosaccharides

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Lipids

Back 25

made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms

Front 26

Nucleotide

Back 26

three parts: a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group and nitrogenous base.

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Nucleic Acid

Back 27

store and transmit genetic/hereditary information.

Front 28

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

Back 28

a type of nucleic acid, contains the sugar deoxyribose.

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Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Back 29

nucleic acid, contains the sugar ribose.

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Amino Acid

Back 30

proteins are polymers or molecules

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Protein

Back 31

each has a specific role, some controll rate of reactions and regulate cell processes

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Chemical Reaction

Back 32

a process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals.

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Reactant

Back 33

elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction

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Product

Back 34

elements or compunds produced by a chemical reaction

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Activation Energy

Back 35

energy needed to get a reaction started

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Catalyst

Back 36

a chemical that speeds up the rate of the reaction

Front 37

Enzyme

Back 37

proteins that act as biological catalysts

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Substrate

Back 38

reactants of enzyme-catalyzed reactions

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Science

Back 39

an organized way of using evidence to learn about the natural world

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Observation

Back 40

the process of gathering information about events or processes ina careful, orderly way.

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Data

Back 41

Information gatherd from observations

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Inference

Back 42

a logical interpretation based on prior knowlege or experience.

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Hypothesis

Back 43

a proposed scientific explanation for a set of observations

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Spontaneous Generation

Back 44

life could arise from nonliving matter

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Controlled Experiment

Back 45

only one variable is changed and others are left unchanged

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Manipulated Variable

Back 46

the variable that is changed on purpse, independant.

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Responding Variable

Back 47

the variable that is observed and changes in response to the manipulated variable, dependant.

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Biology

Back 48

science that seeks the understanding of the living world. the study of life

Front 49

Cell

Back 49

a collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that separated the cell from it's surrondings

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Sexual reproduction

Back 50

two cells from different parents unite to produce the first cell of the new organism

Front 51

asexual reproduction

Back 51

new organism has a single parent

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metabolism

Back 52

combination of chemical reactions throgh which an organism build up or breaks down materials as it carries out its life processes

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homeostasis

Back 53

keeping internal conditions fairly constant

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evolution

Back 54

ability of a ground of organism to change over time is invaluable for survival in a world that is always changing

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metric system

Back 55

a decimal system of measurement whose units are based on certain physical standards and are scaled on multiples of ten

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Microscope

Back 56

a device that produces magnified images of stuctures that are to small tosee with the unaided eye

Front 57

Compound Light Microscope

Back 57

allow light to pass through the specimen and use two lenses to form an image

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Electron Microscope

Back 58

use beams of electrons to produce images