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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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True/False: Bacterial DNA is found in the cytosol
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True. Bacteria have no nucleus
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True/False: Nuclei and mitochondria are surrounded by a double membrane
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True. The nuclear envelope is a double membrane and mitochondria are surrounded by an inner and outer membrane
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What are the three major filaments that make up the cytoskeleton? What do they do
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Actin filaments: involved in rapid cell movement (ex. muscle cell)
Intermediate filaments: provide mechanical stability (ex. epidermal cells) Microtubules: tracks for intracellular movements and responsible for separation of chromosomes |
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What type of macromolecule can serve as structural support, a chemical catalyst or molecular motor?
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Protein
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About when it is though that an ancestral cell for all forms of life existed on Earth?
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Between 3.5 and 3.8 billion years ago
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Cells
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Small, membrane-enclosed units filled with a concentrated aqueous solution of chemicals and have the ability to create copies of themselves
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Micro
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"u" 10^-6
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Milli
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10^-3
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Pico
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10^-12
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Nano
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10^-9
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Nucleus
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Enclosed within two concentric membranes that form the nuclear envelope and contains DNA molecules
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Mitochondria
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Organelles that oxidize food molecules to produce ATP.
Has two membranes, has its own DNA, thought to have derived from bacteria that was engulfed by eukaryotic cell |
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Chloroplasts
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Green organelles found only in plants- enables them to use the energy from sunlight to manufacture sugar molecules
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Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
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Irregular maze of interconnected spaces enclosed by a membrane
Site where most cell membrane components, as well as materials destined for export from the cell are made |
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Golgi apparatus
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Receives and chemically modifies the molecules made in the ER and directs them to the exterior of the cell or to various locations inside the cell
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Lysosomes
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Intracellular digestion occurs here, releasing nutrients from food particles and breaking down unwanted molecules for recycling or excretion
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Peroxisomes
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Provide a contained environment for reactions in which hydrogen peroxide is generated and degraded
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Vesicles
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Transport materials between on membrane-enclosed organelle to the next
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Cytosol
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Concentrated aqueous gel of large and small molecules
Everything but the organelles |
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Cytoskeleton
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Responsible for directed cell movements
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Protozoans
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Single celled eukaryotes that can prey upon and swallow other cells
Very complex |
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Model Organism: E. coli
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Most understood organism on earth
Learned: how cells replicate DNA and decode to make proteins |
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Model Organism: S. cerevisiae (Yeast)
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Learned: cell division cycle
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Model Organism: Arabidopsis (plant)
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Learned: Genetics and evolution of flowering plants
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Model Organism: Drosophila (fly)
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Learned: how zygotes can grow into complex organisms with specialized cells
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Model organism: C. elegans (nematode worm)
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Learned: programmed cell death
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Model organism: Mice
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Learned: mutations of genes help to define what they code for
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