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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Three basic themes
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Evolution, Information transfer, Energy transfer
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Study of life
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Biogly
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A double-stranded nucleic acid that contains the genetic information for cell growth, division, and function.
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DNA
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Three basic themes
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Evolution, Information transfer, Energy transfer
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the term means "little organs". As the body is composed of various organs, the cell, too, has "little organs" that perform special functions. They are membrane-bound compartments or structures of a cell.
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organelles
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(1) The cell of a prokaryote, i.e. an organism whose cell generally lacks a true nucleus. They have only a nucleiod region for its chromosomal DNA.
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prokaryotic cells
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Study of life
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Biogly
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1. The structural, functional and biological unit of all organisms.
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Cells
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the term means "little organs". As the body is composed of various organs, the cell, too, has "little organs" that perform special functions. They are membrane-bound compartments or structures of a cell.
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organelles
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(1) The cell of a prokaryote, i.e. an organism whose cell generally lacks a true nucleus. They have only a nucleiod region for its chromosomal DNA.
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prokaryotic cells
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1. The structural, functional and biological unit of all organisms.
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Cells
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Cell theory
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1.All known living things are made up of cells.
2.The cell is structural & functional unit of all living things. 3.All cells come from pre-existing cells by division, (i.e. Spontaneous generation does not occur). 4.Cells contain hereditary information which is passed from cell to cell during cell division. 5.All cells are basically the same in chemical composition. 6.All energy Flow (metabolism & biochemistry) of life occurs within cells. |
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(1) Having or consisting of only one cell.
(2) Pertaining to an organism whose functions are all carried out within one cell. |
unicellular
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Having or consisting of many cells or more than one cell to perform all vital functions.
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multicellular
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The cell’s outer membrane made up of a two layers of phospholipids with embedded proteins. It separates the contents of the cell from its outside environment, and it regulates what enters and exits the cell.
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plasma membrane
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Cells of or derived from eukaryote characterized by having a distinct, membrane-bound nucleus.
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Eukaryotic cells
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) The large, membrane-bounded organelle that contains the genetic material, in the form of multiple linear DNA molecules organized into structures called chromosomes.
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nucleus
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involves an increase in the size of individual cells of an organism, in the number of cells, or in both.
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biological growth
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The series of changes which animal and vegetable organisms undergo in their passage from the embryonic state to maturity, from a lower to a higher state of organization.
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development
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The process involving a set of chemical reactions that modifies a molecule into another for storage, or for immediate use in another reaction or as a by product.
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metabolism
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(1) The tendency of an organism or a cell to regulate its internal conditions, usually by a system of feedback controls, so as to stabilize health and functioning, regardless of the outside changing conditions
(2) The ability of the body or a cell to seek and maintain a condition of equilibrium or stability within its internal environment when dealing with external changes |
homeostasis
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A detectable change, physical or chemical, in the internal or external environment. That which can evoke a response or has an influence on a system to act.
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stimuli
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hair-like projection on the surfaces of some cells and of certain organisms. (botany)
Any of the hair forming a fringe along the margin or edge of a plant structure . organisms move by this. |
cilia
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organisms move by this. longer structures, some bacteria move by rotating this
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flagella
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Of, pertaining to, or relating to the state of sessility or the inability to move actively or spontaneously.
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sessile
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The adjustment or changes in behavior, physiology, and structure of an organism to become more suited to an environment.
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Adaptation
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learning about a structure by studying its part
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reductionism
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characteristics not found at lower levels.
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emergent properties
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cells from tissues, tissues form organ, organs form organ system, organ system make up organism
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.
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all the members are population, populations of various types form community, community with its nonliving environment is an ecosystem. ecosystem can be small as a pond or big as great plains of america, all the ecosystems make up biosphere,
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study of how organisms relate to one another and to their physical environment
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ecology
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the units of hereditary material
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genes
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Sequence of chemical subunits that make up DNA or RNA. there are four types of nucleotides in DNA.each three ispart of the genetic code
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nucleotides
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cells produce chemical compounds that signal other cells.
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hormones
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release by one cell of substances that transmit information to other cells.
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cell sigaling
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Any of a group of chemical compounds that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell. Among the many substances that have the properties of a neurotransmitter are acetylcholine, noradrenaline, adrenaline, dopamine, glycine, y aminobutyrate, glutamic acid, substance P, enkephalins, endorphins and serotonin.
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neurotransmitters
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large molecules important in determining the structure and function of cells and tissues. A molecule composed of polymers of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds. It can be distinguished from fats and carbohydrates by containing nitrogen. Other components include carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulphur, and sometimes phosphorus.
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proteins
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cells capture energy released by nutrient molecules through a series of carefully regulated chemical reactions. A series of metabolic processes that take place within a cell in which biochemical energy is harvested from organic substance (e.g. glucose) and stored as energy carriers (ATP) for use in energy-requiring activities of the cell.
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celluar respiration
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synthesize complex molecules such as glucose from carbon dioxide and water. the light energy is transformed into chemical energy which is sotred within the chemical bonds of the food molecules produced oxygen is produced as a byproduct.The synthesis of complex organic material using carbon dioxide, water, inorganic salts, and light energy (from sunlight) captured by light-absorbing pigments, such as chlorophyll and other accessory pigments.
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photosynthesis
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the field of biology that studies the diversity of organisms and thier evolutionary relationships.
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systematics
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a subspecialty of systematics, the science of naming and classifying organisms.
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Taxonomy
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each species is assigned a two-part name. the first part is genus and second part is the specific epithet which designates a particular species belonging to that genus
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binomial system of nomenclature
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synthesize complex molecules such as glucose from carbon dioxide and water. the light energy is transformed into chemical energy which is sotred within the chemical bonds of the food molecules produced oxygen is produced as a byproduct.The synthesis of complex organic material using carbon dioxide, water, inorganic salts, and light energy (from sunlight) captured by light-absorbing pigments, such as chlorophyll and other accessory pigments.
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photosynthesis
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the field of biology that studies the diversity of organisms and thier evolutionary relationships.
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systematics
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a subspecialty of systematics, the science of naming and classifying organisms.
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Taxonomy
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group of organisms with similar structure, function, and behavior.
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species
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all the genes present in the population
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gene pool
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a taxonomic category made up of related species
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genus
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King philip can offer full gardening services
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kingdom phylum class order family genus species
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clade
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a group of organisms with a common ancestor
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a branching diagrom of tree of life
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cladogram
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unicellular,colonial, or simple multicellular organisms that have a eukaryotic cell organization.
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protists
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complex multicellular organisms adapted to carry out photosynthesis
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plantae
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do not photosynthesize but obtain nutrients by secreting digestive enzymes into food and then absorbing the predigested food. composed of the yeasts, mildews, molds
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fungi
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made up of multicellular organisms that obtain their nutrition by eating other organisms.complex sense organs, nervous systems
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animalia
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the reasoning that perates from generalities to specifics and can make relationships among data more apparent
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deductive reasoning.
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the reasoning that uses specific examples to draw a general conclusion or discover a general principle.
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inductive reasoning
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a tentative explanation for observations or phenomena,"if...then..." statements
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hypothesis
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a field of biology that builds on information provided by the reductionist apporach and develops large data sets, typically generated by computers.
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systems biology
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