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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Lysosome
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membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes that an animal cell uses to digest all kinds of macromolecules
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Contractile vacuoles
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pump excess water out of the cell→maintain appropriate concentration of salts and other molecules
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Central vacuole
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membranous sac in a mature plant cell with diverse roles in reproduction, growth, and development
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Tonoplast
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membrane that encloses the central vacuole in a plant cell, separating the cytosol from the vacuolar contents, called cell sap
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Mitochondria
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sites of respiration
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Chloroplasts
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sites of photosynthesis
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Peroxisome
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oxidative organelle that is not part of the endomembrane system
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Mitochondrial matrix
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contains many different enzymes as well as the mitochondrial DNA and ribosomes
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Plastids
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one of a family of closely related plant organelles that includes chloroplasts, chromoplasts, and amyloplasts
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Thylakoids
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membranous system in the form of flattened, interconnected sacs
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Cytoskeleton
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network of fibers extending throughout the cytoplasm
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Microtubules
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hollow rod of tubulin protein in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells and in cilia, flagella, and the cytoskeleton
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Microfilaments
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solid rod of actin protein in the cytoplasm of almost all eukaryotic cells, making up part of the cytoskeleton and acting alone or with myosin to cause cell contraction
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Intermediate filaments
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component of the cytoskeleton that includes all filaments intermediate in size between microtubules and microfilaments
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Centrosome
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region often located near nucleus that is considered to be a “microtubule-organizing center”
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Centrioles
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structure in an animal cell composed of cylinders of microtubule triplets
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Basal Body
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eukaryotic cell organelle consisting of a 9 + 0 arrangement of microtubule triplets; may organize the microtubule assembly of a cilium or flagellum; structurally identical to centriole
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Dynein
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large contractile protein forming the side-arms of microtubule doublets in cilia and flagella
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Actin
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globular protein that links into chains, two of which twist helically about each other, forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells
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Myosin
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acts as a motor protein by means of projections (arms) that “walk” along the actin filaments
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Pseudopodia
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cellular extension of amoeboid cells used in moving and feeing
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Cytoplasmic streaming
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circular flow of cytoplasm within cells
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Primary cell wall
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relatively thin and flexible layer first secreted by a young plant cell
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Middle lamella
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between primary walls of adjacent cells; glues adjacent cells together
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Secondary cell wall
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between plasma membrane and the primary wall
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Extracellular matrix (ECM)
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substance in which animal tissue cells are embedded, consisting of protein and polysaccharides
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Collagen
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most abundant glycoprotein in the ECM of most animals; forms strong fibers outside the cells; accounts for about half of the total protein in the human body
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Proteoglycans
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glycoproteins in the extracellular matrix of animal cells, rich in carbohydrate
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Fibronectin
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glycoprotein that helps cells attach to the extracellular matrix
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Integrins
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span the membrane and bind on their cytoplasmic side to associate proteins attached to microfilaments of the cytoskeleton
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Plasmodesmata
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channels that perforate plant cell walls
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