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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Microscopes |
An instrument that magnifies objects |
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Light microscopes |
Visible light that passes and is bent through the lens system to help the user see the specimen. |
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Electron microscopes |
Uses a beam of electrons instead of a beam of light and provides higher resolving power. |
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Unified cell theory |
All living things are composed of one or more living cells |
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Prokaryote |
Simple mostly single-celled (unicellular) organism that lacks a nucleus. |
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Nucleoid |
Central part of a prokaryotic cell in which the chromosome is found. |
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Cell Wall |
Rigid cell covering made of various molecules that protects the cell, provides structural support, and gives shape to the cell
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Central Vacuole |
Large plant cell organelle that regulates the cell’s storage compartment, holds water, and plays a significant role in cell growth as the site of macromolecule degradation
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Centrosome |
Region in animal cells made of two centrioles
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Chlorophyll |
Green pigment that captures the light energy that drives the light reactions of photosynthesis
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Chloroplast |
Plant cell organelle that carries out photosynthesis
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Chromatin |
Protein-DNA complex that serves as the building material of chromosomes
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Chromosomes |
Structure within the nucleus that is made up of chromatin that contains DNA, the hereditary material
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Cytoplasm |
Entire region between the plasma membrane and the nuclear envelope, consisting of organelles suspended in the gel-like cytosol, the cytoskeleton, and various chemicals
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Cytosol |
Gel-like material of the cytoplasm in which cell structures are suspended
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Eukaryotic Cell |
Cell that has a membrane-bound nucleus and several other membrane-bound compartments or sacs
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Lysosome |
Organelle in an animal cell that functions as the cell’s digestive component; it breaks down proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, nucleic acids, and even worn-out organelles
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Mitochondria
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Cellular organelles responsible for carrying out cellular respiration, resulting in the production of ATP, the cell’s main energy-carrying molecule
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Nuclear Envelope |
Double-membrane structure that constitutes the outermost portion of the nucleus
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Nucleolus
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Darkly staining body within the nucleus that is responsible for assembling the subunits of the ribosomes
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Nucleoplasm |
Semi-solid fluid inside the nucleus that contains the chromatin and nucleolus
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Nucleus |
Cell organelle that houses the cell’s DNA and directs the synthesis of ribosomes and proteins
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Organelle |
Compartment or sac within a cell
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Peroxisome
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Small, round organelle that contains hydrogen peroxide, oxidizes fatty acids and amino acids, and detoxifies many poisons
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Plasma Membrane |
Phospholipid bilayer with embedded (integral) or attached (peripheral) proteins, and separates the internal content of the cell from its surrounding environment
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Ribosome |
Cellular structure that carries out protein synthesis
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Vacuole |
Membrane-bound sac, somewhat larger than a vesicle, which functions in cellular storage and transport
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Vesicle |
Small, membrane-bound sac that functions in cellular storage and transport; its membrane is capable of fusing with the plasma membrane and the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus
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