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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Carolus Linnaeus |
Swedish botanist who developed a two-part naming system in the 1730's |
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Binomial Nomenclature |
Classification system in which each species is assigned a two-part scientific name. *Names are written in italics or underlined if unable to italicize. *First word is capitalized. *Second part of the name is unique to the species. |
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Genus |
A group of very similar species. *Second tier of classification pyramid. |
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Family |
Several genera that share many similarities. *Third tier of classification pyramid. |
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Order |
Group of closely related families. *Fourth tier of classification pyramid. |
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Class |
Group of closely related orders. *Fifth tier of classification pyramid. |
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Phylum |
Similar groups of classes; organisms that are different but share important characteristics. *Sixth tier of classification pyramid. |
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Kingdom |
Group that contains all forms of life having certain fundamental characteristics in common. *Seventh tier of classification pyramid. |
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Domain |
The largest, most broad grouping of organisms. *Eighth tier of classification pyramid. |
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Taxa |
Group or level of organization to which organisms are organized. |
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Systematics |
The science of naming and grouping organisms. |
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Diochotomous Key |
A chart or diagram used for identifying organisms. *A diochotomous key for trees. |
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Phylogeny |
The evolutionary history of lineages. |
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Clade |
A group of species that includes a single common ancestor and all descendants of that ancestor - living and extinct. *Unlike taxas, glades must be monophyletic. |
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Monophyletic |
A group including a single common ancestor and all of its descendants. |
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Paraphyletic |
A group that includes a common ancestor but excludes one or more groups of descendants. |
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Cladogram |
Diagram that links groups of organisms by showing how evolutionary lines, or lineages, branched off from common ancestors. |
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Cladistics Analysis |
Compares carefully selected traits to determine the order in which groups of organisms branched off from their common ancestors |
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Node |
Branch point in a cladogram. *Also represents the last point at which the two new lineages shared a common ancestor. |
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Root |
The bottom of the cladogram that represents the common ancestor shared by all organisms. |
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Derived Character |
A trait that arose in the most recent common ancestor of a particular lineage and was passed along to its descendants. |
