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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Eukaryotes
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have a nucleus
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Plantae-produce food by using sunlight photosynthesis
Fungi-absorbs food from surroundings Animalla-ingest food |
Kingdoms of multi cellular Eukaryotes
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formulated the Theory of evolution by natural selection based on the fossil record and observations of living things
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Charles Darwin
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anything that has mass and takes up space
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matter
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substances that can't break down chemically
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elements
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organisms need these to survive
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essential elements
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combination of 2 or more elements that have different characteristics than the elements
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compound
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required by living things but in tiny amounts
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trace elements
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smallest unit of elements that retain the properties of that element
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Atom
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neutron no charge
electrons negative charge protons positive charge |
subatomic particles
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# of protons
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atomic #
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# of protons + # of neutrons
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mass number
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equals to the mass number
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atomic mass
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determine the chemical behavior of atoms
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electrons
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stored energy based on position and location
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potential energy
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electrons orbits the atomic nucleus
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energy levels or electron shells
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outermost shell highest energy level
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valence shell
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determine if an atom will react with another atom
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valence electron
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the attraction of an atom for the electon in a covalent bond
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electronegativity
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electrons are shared equally between atoms
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nonpolar covalent bond
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one atom is more electronegative and hogs electrons
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polar covalent bond
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involves the transfer of electrons from one atom to another
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ionic bond
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atom/molecules with a charge
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ions
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have a positive charge
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cations
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have a negative charge
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anions
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ionic bonds called salts
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ionic compunds
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covalent bond are
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very strong
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ionic bonds are
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weak
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hydrogen bonds are
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weak but important
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chemical bonds being brokre or formed
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chemical reactions
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starting molecules in a chemical reaction and produce Products
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reactant
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water molecules are polar
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the O hast a partial negative charge the Hs has a partial positive charge
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water molecules are linked together by multiple hydrogen bonds they stick together
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cohesive
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water absorbs and release large amounts of heat without much change in water temp heat is absorbed from warm air and released to cool air
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temperature moderation
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the amount of heat required to change the temp of 1 g of substance by 1 degree Celsius
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specific heat
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as temperature decreases below 4degrees Celsius water molecules form a stable crystalline widely spaced hydrogen bonds
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expands when freezing
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solution is a homogenous liquid mixture
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universal solvent
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dissolved by the solvent
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solute
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water fearing nonpolar substances don't dissolve well in water
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hydrophobic
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involves the relative concentration of hydrogen and hydroxide ions
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acids and bases
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increase H+ concentrate in water
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acids
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reduce H+ concentrate in water
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bases
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determine pH
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H+ concentrate
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14-0
base above 7 acid below 7 basic solution has pH of 7 |
pH scale
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