Biology Campbell 8Th Ed Ch.5

Front 1

What are the four main classes of large biological molecules?

Back 1

carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, proteins

Front 2

Polymers are formed by _____ reaction

Back 2

dehydration (condensation)

Front 3

polymers are broken down into monomers by ______ reactions

Back 3

hydrolysis

Front 4

_______ includes both sugars and polymers of sugars

Back 4

carbohydrates

Front 5

In aqueous solutions, glucose and most other sugars form

a. aldoses
b. ketoses
c. trioses
d. rings

Back 5

d. rings

Front 6

Dissacharides are joined by a _____ linkage.

Back 6

glycosidic

Front 7

Glucose + Glucose = ____.

Back 7

maltose (1,4)

Front 8

glucose + fructose = _____.

Back 8

sucrose (1,2)

Front 9

glucose + galactose = ____.

Back 9

lactose

Front 10

plants store _____: a polymer of glucose molecules

Back 10

starch

Front 11

Starch is stored in ______.

Back 11

plastids (including chloroplasts)

Front 12

Animals store glucose as___; mainly in the _____ and ______.

Back 12

glycogen
liver
muscle cells

Front 13

Starch is a 1-4 linkage of (alpha/beta) glucose monomers

Back 13

alpha
(helical appearance)

Front 14

Cellulose is a 1,4 linkage of (alpha/beta) glucose monomers

Back 14

beta
(straight appearance)

Front 15

True or False

Cellulose is branched

Back 15

False- it is never branched

Front 16

80 cellulose molecules combine to form a ________.

Back 16

microfibril

Front 17

Chitin is an important structural polysaccharide found in _____.

a. plants
b. humans
c. arthropods
d. fungi
e. more than one of the above

Back 17

e- more than one of the above; its also found in many fungi which use chitin rather than cellulose as building material for their cell walls

Front 18

True or False

Lipids do not form true polymers

Back 18

True

Front 19

Which of the following is NOT a lipid?

a. Certain pigments
b. Cholesterol
c. Waxes
d. Steroids
e. All of the above are lipids

Back 19

e. all of the above are lipids

Front 20

This is an example of a _____.

List the components

Back 20

Unsaturated fat

Glycerol with 3 carbon backbone attached to 3 fatty acids via an ester linkage

Front 21

Whats the difference between a saturated fatty acid and an unsaturated fatty acid?

Back 21

Saturated fats have maximum hydrogen available (no double bond) whereas unsaturated fatty acid is deficient in hydrogens because of a double bond.

Front 22

Are you fat?

Back 22

Haha! Made you look!

Front 23

A kink in a fatty acid is the result of a ____ double bond.

a.cis
b. trans

Back 23

cis

Front 24

Which contributes more to atherosclerosis, cis or trans fats?

Back 24

trans

Front 25

A gram of fat stores ___ amount of energy as a polysaccharide.

a. Twice
b. Four times
c. As much
d. three times

Back 25

a. twice

Front 26

Whats the major difference between a phospholipid and a fatty acid?

Back 26

Phospholipid has one less fatty acid attached to it; instead a phosphate with fatty acid groups attached it is present in lieu of the 3rd fatty acid typically found in a fatty acid.

Front 27

Cholesterol is synthesized in the ______.

Back 27

Liver

Front 28

Draw the parts of an amino acid

Back 28

Front 29

Which amino acids are basic?

Back 29

HAL

Histidine
Lysine
Arginine

Front 30

Which amino acids are acidic?

Back 30

Gluatmic acid
Aspartic acid

Front 31

Amino acid polymers are called ______ and they are attached via _____.

Back 31

polypeptide
peptide bonds

Front 32

What is the primary structure of an amino acid?

Back 32

It is the unique sequence of amino acids

Front 33

What is the secondary structure of an amino acid?

Back 33

Coiled and folded structure (alpha helix, beta sheets) resulting from hydrogen bonding between repeating constituents on polypeptide backbone

Front 34

Tertiary structures are the result of interactions between _______.

Back 34

Side chains (R groups) of various amino acids

Front 35

Hydrophobic interactions are seen in what protein structural level?

a. Primary
b. Secondary
c. Tertiary
d. Quartenary

Back 35

c. Tertiary

Front 36

What kind of bonding is found in the tertiary structure proteins?

Back 36

Front 37

________ are proteins that assist in the proper folding of other proteins

Back 37

Chaperonins or chaperone proteins

Front 38

List the pyrimidines of nucleic acids.

Back 38

CUT THE PIE (pyrimidines)

C- cytosine
U- uracil
T- thymine

Front 39

List the purines of nucleic acids.

Back 39

PURE (purine) As Gold

A- Adenine
G- Guanine

Front 40

Polymers of nucleotides are called ____.

Back 40

polynucleotides

Front 41

What are the parts of a nucleotide?

Back 41

Three carbon sugar (pentose)
Nitrogenous Base
Phosphate group

Front 42

On a nucleotide, the portion of a unit without a phosphate group is called a ______.

Back 42

Nucleoside

Front 43

Uracil replaces ____ and is found in (DNA/RNA)?

Back 43

thymine
RNA

Front 44

The sugar attached to DNA is called ______.

Back 44

Ribose

Front 45

The sugar attached to RNA is called ____.

Back 45

Deoxyribose

Front 46

Adjacent nucleotides are joined by a _____ linkage.

Back 46

phosphodiester

Front 47

The opposing strands of DNA run (parallel/antiparallel) to each other

Back 47

antiparallel

Front 48

Base pairs are joined by _____.

Back 48

Hydrogen Bonding

G-C 3
A-T 2

Front 49

Base Pairing occurs as

G: ___
__: ___

Back 49

G - C
A - T

GCAT!