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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Annelids
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segmented worms
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alimentary canal
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A digestive tract consisting of a tube running between a mouth and an anus.
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amoebocyte
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An amoeba-like cell that moves by pseudopodia, found in most animals; depending on the species, may digest and distribute food, dispose of wastes, form skeletal fibers, fight infections, and change into other cell types.
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Bivalvia
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(clams and their relatives) have a hinged shell divided into two halves.
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book lung
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An organ of gas exchange in spiders, consisting of stacked plates contained in an internal chamber.
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Cephalopoda
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includes squids and octopuses, carnivores with beak–like jaws surrounded by tentacles of their modified foot.
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Cheliceriforms
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include spiders, ticks, and mites. They have an anterior cephalothorax and a posterior abdomen. The most anterior appendages are modified as chelicerae (either pincers or fangs).
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Class Anthozoa
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contains the sea anemones and corals, which occur only as polyps.
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Class Cestoda
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tapeworms, all of which are parasites and lack a digestive tract.
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Class Hydrozoa
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usually alternates polyp and medusa forms, although the polyp is more conspicuous.
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Class Polyplacophora
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composed of the chitons, oval–shaped marine animals encased in an armor of eight dorsal plates.
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Class Scyphozoa
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jellies (medusae) are the prevalent form of the life cycle.
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Class Turbellaria
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made up of mostly free–living, primarily marine species.
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Cnidarians
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mainly marine carnivores possessing tentacles armed with cnidocytes that aid in defense and the capture of prey. Two body forms are sessile polyps and floating medusae.
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chelicera
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One of a pair of clawlike feeding appendages characteristic of cheliceriforms.
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cheliceriform
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An arthropod that has chelicerae, and a body divided into a cephalothorax and an abdomen. Living cheliceriforms include sea spiders, horseshoe crabs, scorpions, ticks, and spiders.
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choanocyte
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A flagellated feeding cell found in sponges. Also called a collar cell, it has a collar-like ring that traps food particles around the base of its flagellum.
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class Gastropoda
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the snails and their relatives, possess a single, spiraled shell. Embryonic torsion of the body is a distinctive characteristic. Many slugs lack a shell or have a reduced shell.
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class Hirudinea
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bloodsucking parasites...leeches
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class Polychaeta
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possess paddle–like parapodia that function as gills and aid in locomotion.
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cnidocyte
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A specialized cell for which the phylum Cnidaria is named; contains a capsule containing a fine coiled thread, which, when discharged, functions in defense and prey capture.
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decapod
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A member of the group of crustaceans that includes lobsters, crayfish, crabs, and shrimps.
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Echinoderms
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(sea stars and their relatives) have a water vascular system ending in tube feet used for locomotion and feeding. The radial anatomy of many species evolved secondarily from the bilateral symmetry of ancestors. A thin, bumpy, or spiny skin covers a calcareous endo–skeleton.
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exoskeleton
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A hard encasement on the surface of an animal, such as the shell of a mollusc or the cuticle of an arthropod, that provides protection and points of attachment for muscles.
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Flatworms
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dorsoventrally flattened animals with a gastrovascular cavity.
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General Characteristics of Arthropods
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Variation in arthropod morphology consists mainly in specializations of groups of segments and in appendages. The arthropod exoskeleton, made of protein and chitin, undergoes regular ecdysis (molting).
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gastrovascular cavity
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An extensive pouch that serves as the site of extracellular digestion and a passageway to disperse materials throughout most of an animal’s body.
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hermaphrodite
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An individual that functions as both male and female in sexual reproduction by producing both sperm and eggs.
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Insects
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exceed all other animals combined in species diversity. Flight has been an important factor in the success of this group
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Lophophorates
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coelomates that have a lophophore, a horseshoe–shaped, suspension–feeding organ bearing ciliated tentacles.
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Molluscs
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have a muscular foot, a visceral mass, and a mantle
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Myriapods
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Millipedes are wormlike, with a large number of walking legs. They were among the first animals to live on land. Centipedes are terrestrial carnivores with poison claws.
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mantle cavity
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A water-filled chamber that houses the gills, anus, and excretory pores of a mollusc.
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medusa
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The floating, flattened, mouth-down version of the cnidarian body plan. The alternate form is the polyp.
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mesohyl
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A gelatinous region between the two layers of cells of a sponge.
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Nematodes
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nonsegmented pseudocoelomates covered by a tough cuticle. whip-like motion due to longitudinal muscles only
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Nemerteans
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have a unique retractable tube (proboscis) used for defense and prey capture. A fluid–filled sac is used to extend the proboscis.
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nematocyst
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A stinging, capsule-like organelle in a cnidocyte.
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Oligochaeta
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includes earthworms and various aquatic species.
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open circulatory system
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A circulatory system in which fluid called hemolymph bathes the tissues and organs directly and there is no distinction between the circulating fluid and the interstitial fluid.
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osculum
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A large opening in a sponge that connects the spongocoel to the environment.
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parthenogenesis
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A type of reproduction in which females produce offspring from unfertilized eggs.
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planarian
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A free-living flatworm found in unpolluted ponds and streams.
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polyp
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The sessile variant of the cnidarian body plan. The alternate form is the medusa.
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Rotifers
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Found mainly in fresh water, many rotifer species are parthenogenetic.
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radula
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A straplike rasping organ used by many molluscs during feeding.
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Sponges
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lack true tissues and organs. They suspension feed by drawing water through pores; choanocytes (flagellated collar cells) ingest suspended food.
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spongocoel
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The central cavity of a sponge.
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suspension feeder
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An aquatic animal, such as a clam or a baleen whale, that sifts small food particles from the water.
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Trematoda
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live as parasites in or on animals...Flukes
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trilobite
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An extinct arthropod with pronounced segmentation and appendages that varied little from segment to segment.
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trochophore larva
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Distinctive larval stage observed in certain invertebrates, including some annelids and molluscs.
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tube foot
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One of numerous extensions of an echinoderm’s water vascular system. Tube feet function in locomotion, feeding, and gas exchange.
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visceral mass
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One of the three main parts of a mollusc, containing most of the internal organs.
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water vascular system
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A network of hydraulic canals unique to echinoderms that branches into extensions called tube feet, which function in locomotion, feeding, and gas exchange.
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mantle
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A fold of tissue in molluscs that drapes over the visceral mass and may secrete a shell.
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torsion
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A characteristic of gastropods in which the visceral mass rotates during development.
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arthropod
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A segmented coelomate with a chitinous exoskeleton, jointed appendages, and a body formed of distinct groups of segments.
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molting
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A process in arthropods in which the exoskeleton is shed at intervals, allowing growth by the production of a larger exoskeleton.
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crustacean
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A member of a subphylum of arthropods that includes lobsters, crayfish, crabs, shrimps, and barnacles
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isopod
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A member of one of the largest groups of crustaceans, which includes terrestrial, freshwater, and marine species. Among the terrestrial isopods are the pill bugs, or wood lice.
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copepod
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Any of a group of small crustaceans that are important members of marine and freshwater plankton communities.
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