A Local Ecosystem

Front 1

Abiotic and biotic

Back 1

Non living features and Living features

Front 2

Biomes

Back 2

Biomes- Large regional system characterised by a major vegetation type. Made up off habitats

Front 3

Habitats

Back 3

Habitats- Place where organisms live. Contains communities

Front 4

Communities

Back 4

Communities- Groups of different populations in an area.

Front 5

Niche

Back 5

Niche- Place of a species within a community involving relationships with other species

Front 6

Populations

Back 6

Populations- Group or organisms of the same species living in the same area

Front 7

Species

Back 7

Species- Groups of similar individuals that can reproduce fertile offspring

Front 8

What are some factors determining distribution and abundance of a saltwater animals and freshwater animals

Back 8

Salinity

Dissolved Gases

Tidal movements

only freshwater:

pH of water

Clarity of water

Light avaliability

Front 9

What are some factors determining distribution and abundance of a species in all environments

Back 9

Avaliability of food

Number of competitors

Number of Mates

Number of predators

Number of disease causing organisms

Front 10

Biomass

Back 10

How dense an area is of something. Generally plants and animals

Front 11

3 types of distribution

Back 11

1. Regular distribution

2. random distribution

3. Clumped distribution

Front 12

Pros and cons of a transect

What is a plan sketch and profile sketch

Back 12

Pros- Easy and Simple. Gives you a general idea

Cons- Not extremely accurate, because it is a line, many organisms could be sitting right next to it and not get included.

Plan Sketch- Birds eye view

Profile sketch- side view like graph

Front 13

Mark release recapture equation and the

advantages and disadvantages

Back 13

Number captured x number recaptured divided by Number marked on recapture.

Advantages- Simple method that provides an estimate for abundance for large populations.

Disadvantages- Only suitable for mobile animals, time consuming, could harm environment.

Front 14

Define photosynthesis

Back 14

Photosynthesis is the process in which plants use the energy from sunlight (absorbed my chlorophyll) to convert carbon dioxide and water to glucose and oxygen.

Front 15

Chemical Equation photosynthesis

Back 15

Co2 + H2O --> C6H12O6 + O2

Front 16

Producers

Back 16

Manufacture their own food through the process of photosynthesis

Front 17

Consumers

Back 17

Organisms that eat or consume other organisms.

Front 18

Aerobic Respiration (what and where)

Anerobic Respiration

Back 18

A chemical reaction that needs oxygen that breaks down nutrient molecules in living cells to release energy.

Anaerobic is without oxygen and doesn't produce as much ATP (36 aerobic and 2 anaerobic)

Front 19

Aerobic respiration word equation

Back 19

glucose+oxygen --> carbon dioxide+water+ATP energy

Front 20

Functions of ATP

Back 20

Repair and maintenance

Growth

Transporting materials

Functioning and breaking down

Front 21

Detrimental interactions

Back 21

when one of more organisms are harmed or disadvantaged from the relationship

Front 22

Beneficial interactions

Back 22

When one or more organisms benefit from the relationship

Front 23

Allelopathy

Back 23

Specific chemicals produced by a plant that can be beneficial or detrimental to another plant. These chemicals influence growth and development of neighbouring plants by repelling predators and parasites.

Front 24

Parasitism and example

Back 24

obtains its food from a host, harming the host. Examples include- tape worms and ticks

Front 25

Symbiosis

Back 25

When two organisms live together in close association benefiting at least one of them and not harming either.

Front 26

Commensalism and example

Back 26

A relationship that benefits one species but does not harm the other. E.g. epiphytes

Front 27

Mutualism and Example

Back 27

When both organisms work together and benefit each other e.g. sea anemone (gets nutrients from leftover food eaten by fish) and clown fish (has protective shelter).

Front 28

Role of decomposers in an ecosystem

Back 28

Use organic nutrients of dead organisms for energy and leave inorganic nutrients for the plants to recycle. They create a highly important cycle known as the nitrogen cycle which allows energy to constantly be transported through organisms.

Front 29

Autotrophs.

Main examples

Back 29

Producers- make their own food by converting inorganic molecules to organic compounds. Green plants and algae

Front 30

Heterotrophs

Back 30

Consumers. Consume other organisms in order to gain organic molecules needed for life.

Front 31

Primary, secondary, tertiary consumers. Who eats who

Back 31

Primary- herbivores

Secondary/ tertiary- carnivores and omnivores.

Primary consumers are eaten by secondary consumers

Front 32

3 Trophic levels

Back 32

1. Scavengers- animals that eat dead organisms

2. Detritivores- ingest and eat organic litter

3. Decomposers- fungi and bacteria that causes chemical decay or organic matter and absorb it.

Front 33

difference between biomass pyramid and energy pyramid

Back 33

A biomass pyramid shows the amount of matter in the organisms at each level (population or weight)

An energy pyramid shows how much energy has been lost through heat or left behind in each level. (%)

Front 34

3 types of adaptations

Back 34

1. Behavioural

2. Structural

3. Physiological

Front 35

Interspecific and Intraspecific competition

Back 35

Interspecific- Competition of members from different species

Intraspecific- Competition from the same species.

Front 36

What to animals and plants compete for

Back 36

Animals- shelter from weather and predators, food, safety and defence

Plants- Space/ soil nutrients, Sunlight

Front 37

5 Impacts of humans on ecosystems

Back 37

Land clearing, Burn offs, Pest management, Land and water degradation (litter and waste), Erosion, Pollution, Buildings, introduced species, extinction of species.