Biology- Cell Biology(Topic1)

Front 1

Define eukaryotic cells

Back 1

Describes a cell that contains a nucleus

Front 2

What is an eukaryote

Back 2

An organism that is make of eukaryotic cells

Front 3

What is a prokaryotic cell

Back 3

Single celled organisms that don’t contain a nucleus

Front 4

How long are individual bacterial cells?

Back 4

1-10 micrometers in length

Front 5

What kind of cells are bacteria cells

Back 5

Prokaryotes cells

Front 6

Name three features of prokaryote cells

Back 6

-single celled

-don’t have a nucleus

-are smaller than eukaryotic cells

Front 7

What is the ribosome

Back 7

A small cell organelle in the cytoplasm in which proteins are made

Front 8

What is a chromosome

Back 8

Structure containing DNA, and found in nucleus of eukaryotic cells

Front 9

Name the two components of nerve cells

Back 9

Axons and myelin sheath

Front 10

What is the main difference between eukaryote and prokaryote cells?

Back 10

Eukaryote have a nucleus and prokaryote have no nucleus

Front 11

Define diffusion

Back 11

Movement of particles from an area of high concentration to a lower concentration

Front 12

How do glucose and oxygen move through animal cells

Back 12

Diffusion

Front 13

Define axon

Back 13

The extension of a nerve cell along which electrical impulses travel

Front 14

What is the function of nerve cells

Back 14

To pick up electrical impulses so that our actions can be coordinated

Front 15

Define ribosomes

Back 15

Cell organelle in the cytoplasm where proteins are made

Front 16

Name two things only present in plant cells

Back 16

-cell walls

-chloroplast

Front 17

What is cytoplasm

Back 17

Where most of the chemical reactions in the cell happen

Front 18

What is the phloem

Back 18

Living cells that carry sugars made in photosynthesis to all cells of the plant

Front 19

What is translocation

Back 19

The movement of sugars made in photosynthesis from the leaves of plants

Front 20

What does biconcave mean

Back 20

A shape that curves inwards on both sides

Front 21

Why does red blood cells have a biconcave shape

Back 21

To allow oxygen to be absorbed more quickly

Front 22

Why do sperm cells have a tail

Back 22

To swim towards an ovum

Front 23

Why does sperm have a large number of mitochondria

Back 23

To release energy so they can use it when swimming

Front 24

How do you calculate total magnification

Back 24

Back (Definition)

Front 25

Define myelin sheath

Back 25

The insulating cover along the axon, which speeds up electrical impulses

Front 26

Define myelin sheath

Back 26

The insulating cover along the axon, which speeds up electrical impulses

Front 27

Gh

Back 27

Dg

Front 28

How are root hair cells adapted for their function

Back 28

-it has hairs to increase the surface area of the root so it can absorb more water

Front 29

What is an electron microscope

Back 29

A microscope that uses electron beams in place of light to give higher resolution

Front 30

What is resolution

Back 30

The smallest distance between two separate points

Front 31

Describe the term turgid

Back 31

Describes a swollen cells

Front 32

Explain why some cells have more mitochondria than others

Back 32

Some cells need more energy so they can carry out their function

Front 33

Describe the structure of DNA

Back 33

It is coiled into a structure called chromosomes. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes

Front 34

Define alleles

Back 34

Two versions of the same gene, one from mother, one from father

Front 35

Define gene

Back 35

A section of chromosome made from the DNA that carries the code to make a protein

Front 36

Describe the required practical used to observe plant cells using a light microscope

Back 36

1. Use tweezers to remove thin sheet of cells from inner part of onion layer

2. Place the layer flat on a microscope slide

3. Place a drop of iodine onto the onion tissue

4. Put sellotape on the top of the tissue, making sure no air bubbles form

5.using the light microscope, observe the tissue on the lowest objective lens and make a drawing of what you observe

Front 37

Define gametes

Back 37

Sex cells

Front 38

Haploid

Back 38

Describes a cell or nucleus of a gamete that has an unpaired set of chromosomes

Front 39

What is a diploid

Back 39

Describes a cell/nucleus of a cell that has a paired set of chromosomes

Front 40

Name a type of cell that does not contain DNA

Back 40

Red blood cells

Front 41

What is mitosis?

Back 41

Cell replication that produces two identical copies of a diploid cell

Front 42

Describe the process of mitosis

Back 42

1. Chromosomes make copies of themselves and forms X chromosomes

2.the chromosomes line up and migrate to the middle of the cells

3. The cell divides and two identical cells are made

Front 43

What are daughter cells

Back 43

The cells produced during mitosis

Front 44

Give two purposes of cells produced in mitosis

Back 44

For growth and repair of dead cells

Front 45

What are stem cells

Back 45

An undifferentiated cell that can develop into one or more types of specialised cell

Front 46

Define meristem

Back 46

An area of a plant in which rapid cell division occurs normally in the tip of a root or shoot

Front 47

Define chromatid

Back 47

A copy of a chromosome during cell division

Front 48

What’s the difference between a chromosome and a chromatid

Back 48

A chromosome is made up of two chromatids and chromatids separates from each other during mitosis to form two new chromosomes

Front 49

Name two types of stem cells

Back 49

Embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells

Front 50

Why is stem cell research an ethical issue?

Back 50

Some people disagree with it due to religious or moral reasons