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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Xylem
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Transport water and minerals from roots upwards.
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Phloem
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Carries nutrients from leaf to other parts of the plant.
Downward. From Sources to sinks |
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Large leaves are not present in plants in dry environments because....
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large leaves loose water.
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Phyllotaxy
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arangment of leaves on a stem
Angiosperms have alternating phyllotaxy to minimize shading. |
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Leaf area index
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the fractional amount of leaf area covering the area of the circular area of the plant.
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Stele
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Contains Xylem and Phloem
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Taproots
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Anchor
typical of gymnosperms and eudicots |
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roots and fungi hyphae mutualistic association is called....
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Mycorrhizae
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Mycorrhizai fungai have what advantage over plant roots?
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They cover more area and can absorb
Water, Minerals, phosphates. |
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Apoplast
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cell wall
It is interrupted by the Casparian strip in roots, |
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Symplast
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Inside membrane
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In plants, what is:
-Long Distance -Short Distance |
In plants, what is:
-Long Distance = vertical flow -Short Distance = Horizontal flow |
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Name three Transport routs for water in plants
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Apoplastic
Symplastic Transmembrane route |
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Active transport needs what?
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transport requires ATP
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proton
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H+
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short distance transport across membranes
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Pumping (active transport) H+
cotransport of H+ and solutes |
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Ion Channel
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only certain ions can pass
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Osmosis
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Water flow from low to high concentration
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Osmotic pressure
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Pressure on solution due to concentration gradients.
Solute potential |
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Water Potential
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Sum of the Solute and pressure potential
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Pressure potential
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physical pressure on a solution
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Turgor pressure
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pressure potential by Protoplast and cell wall
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Protoplast
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living part of the cell
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A cell will wilt in
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high concentration solution
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Plasmolysis
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Protoplast shrinks
wilts |
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If a cell is turgid the water has
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water
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Aquaporins
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transport proteins in the cell membrane that allow passage of water
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Bulk flow
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solution movement by pressure from transpiration
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Long distance transport uses....
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bulk flow
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Endodermis
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around xylem and phloem
inside cortex transport water/minerals into xylem |
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Casparian strip
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on endodermal wall
blocks apoplastic transfer |
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Transpiration
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evaporated water pulls xylem sap up.
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guttation
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exudation of water in leaves from root pressure
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What help bring up Xylem sap?
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Adhesion and cohesion
Bulk flow -transpiration -root pressure |
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Stomata
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Gaurd cells
control water loss and gas exchange |
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Stomata open and close by...
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turgig/flacid guard cells
k+ concentration circadian rhythms |
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Crassulacean Acid Metabolism CAM
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stomatal gas exchange occurs at night
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translocation
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transportation of photosynthesis products.
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Phloem sap
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water and sucrose solution
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Sugar source
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Producer of sugar
leaves |
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Sugar sink
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organ that consums or stores sugar
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Companion cell helps
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move sucrose from apoplast to symplast
using cotransport |
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Phloem sap moves by
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squeezing pressure
countercurrent mechanism -water flows into high concentration at source driving solution to sink |