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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the positively charged particle in an atom
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proton |
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What three sub atomic particles make up atoms
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They are protons neutrons and electrons |
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Nucleus |
Center of an atom contains protons and neutrons |
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Electron |
Negatively charged particle 1/1840 mass of a proton |
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How are all the elements of an isotope similar |
They have the same number of electrons and same chemical properties |
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Element |
Pure substance consisting of only one type of atom |
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The number of protons in the nucleus of an element |
Atomic number |
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Atoms of the same element that don't have the same number of neutrons |
isotopes |
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Atomic mass |
The weighted average of the masses of an elements isotopes |
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Radioactive isotopes |
Nuclei is unstable and breaks down |
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In what ways do compounds differ from their component elements |
They are usually very different from tosh of the elements from which it was formed
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Chemical Compound |
Substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements I definite proportions |
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What are the main types of chemical bonds
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The main types of chemical bonds are ionic and covalent bonds |
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Valence electrons |
Electrons available to form bonds |
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Ionic bond |
bond formed when electrons are transferred fro one atom to another |
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What happens when an atom loses an electron? what happens when they gain an electron |
When an atom loses an electron it becomes positively charged. When it gains electrons it gives it a negative charge.
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Ions |
Positive and negative charged atoms |
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Single double and triple covalent bond
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Single is when an atom shares two electrons. Double is when it shares 4 electrons. Triple is when it shares six electrons |
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Molecule |
Smallest unit of most compounds |
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Van deer wall forces
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intermolecular forces of attraction |
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How does the structure of water contribute to its unique properties
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Because water is a polar molecule and is able to form multiple hydrogen bonds
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A molecule where charges are unevenly distribitudedd |
polar |
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The attraction between a hydrogen atom with a partial positive and partial negative charge |
Hydrogen bond |
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Common negative atoms involved in hydrogen bonding |
Oxygen nitrogen fluorine |
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Cohesion |
Attraction between molecules of the same substance |
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adhesion |
Attraction between molecules of different substances |
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Capillary action |
Force that draws water out of roots of a plant to its stem and leaves |
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Name the 5 properties of water |
Cohesion adhesion Heat capacity Polarity and hydrogen bonding |
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What does water being a polar molecule mean |
Larger oxygen atom is a negative charge leaving hydrogen with a slight positive charge |
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What makes an organic molecule |
Carbon |
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Name 4 macromolecules |
Nucleic Acids Lipids Carbohydrates and Protein |
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Protein function |
To build up tissue |
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Lipids function |
To store long term energy |
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Carbohydrates function |
Source of energy |
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Nucleic acids function |
Store genetic information |
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Carbohydrate structure |
Ring structure like stop sign octagonal |
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Lipid structure |
+++ +++ |
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What causes adhesion and cohesion in water molecules
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Hydrogen bonds do |
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Enzymes are very specific generally working in one chemical reaction They can be affected by Temperature, P.H. and Regulatory molecules
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True |
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A substance that speeds up the rate of the chemical reaction |
Catalyst
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If amino acids are the building blocks of proteins the ___________ makes polysacharides |
monosaccharides |
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Mixture |
Physically combined compound that can be taken apart |
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Solution |
Chemical compound evenly distributed in water |
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Suspension |
Not mixed thoroughly like water and oil |
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If it releases energy in one direction the opposite direction will
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absorb |
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Energy needed to get a reaction started |
Activation |
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Isotopes |
Same number of protons different number of neutron |
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What makes water bond
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There are four valence electrons |
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How does waters polarity influence its properties as a solvent |
Waters polarity gives it the ability to dissolve both ionic compounds and polar molecules |
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PH scale
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Measurement system to indicate concentration of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions |
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Acid |
Compound that forms H+ ions in a solution |
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Base |
Compound that forms OH- ions in a solution |
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Buffers |
Weak acids or bases that react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp sudden changes in PH |
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Why is it important for cells to buffer solutions against rapid changes in PH |
They play an important role in maintaining homeostasis |
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What elements does carbon bond with to make up life's molecules |
They bond with hydrogen oxygen phosphorous sulfur and nitrogen to form the molecules of life |
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Monomers
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Small molecules that join up to make polymers |
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Polymers |
Made up of monomers |
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Carbohydrates are made Up of |
Carbon hydrogen oxygen in ratio 1:2:1 |
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monosaccharide
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Single sugar molecules known as glucose |
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Polysaccharide l |
Large molecules formed from monosaccharide called animal starch sometimes |
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Lipids are made of |
Carbon and hydrogen |
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What do Nucleic acids contain
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They contain hydrogen oxygen nitrogen carbon and phosphorous |
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Nucleotides |
Polymers assembled from individual monomers they consist of 3 parts 5 carbon sugar phosphate group and a nitrogen base |
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Proteins contain |
Nitrogen carbon hydrogen and oxygen |
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Amino acids |
Compounds with an amino group |
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What happens to chemical compounds during reactions
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They involve changes in chemical bonds that join atoms in compounds |
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How do energy changes affect whether a chemical reaction will occur |
Chemical reactions that release energy often occur on their own. Chemical reactions that absorb energy will not occur without a source of energy
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Chemical Reaction |
Process that changes or transforms one set of chemicals to another
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Reactants
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The elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction |
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The elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction |
products
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Enzymes |
Proteins that act as biological catalysts and they speed up chemical reactions that take place in cells |
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Carbonic Anhydrase |
It catalyzes reverse reaction that removes water from carbonic acid |
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The recants of enzyme catalyzed reactions
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Substrates |