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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Differentiation |
When a cell changes and develops to become specialised to perform a specific function |
Use the term specialises |
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Stem cell |
Undifferentiated cells that have the potential to become different cell types |
Can be uni potent, pluripotent of totipotent |
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Totipotent |
Up to stage 8 embryonic cells Can differentiate into any kind of cell |
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Pluripotent |
Inner cells of a blastocyst and umbilical cord cells Can differentiate into most types of cells but not all |
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Unipotent |
Found in bone marrow and can only differentiate into 1 kind of cell |
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Binary fission |
Bacteria replication Not mitosis and nucleus isn't being replicated |
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Budding |
Form of mitosis Bulge develops, DNA moves into bulge and then the bulge pinches off |
Mitosis DON'T use the word bud |
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Vegetative propagation |
Parent cells produce unspecialised cells that differentiate into a new plant A clone of the original |
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Homologous pair of chromosomes |
1 maternal chromosome and 1 paternal chromosome Genes are the same and are at the same loci but have different alleles Pair up during meiosis |
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Erythrocyte |
Red blood cells |
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Neutrophils |
White blood cells |
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Meiosis |
Production of a haploid games to form a diploid zygote when 2 gametes meet |
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Bordered pits |
Allow water to pass into adjacent vessels in the xylem |
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Plasmodesmata |
Gaps between cells and sieve tubes |
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Tissue |
A collection of similar cells working together to perform a particular function |
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Organ |
A collection of tissues working together to perform a particular function |
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Organ system |
Multiple organs working together to perform a particular function |
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Standard deciation |
Shows how much variation there is from a mean average- the spread around the mean |
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Standard deciation |
Shows how much variation there is from a mean average- the spread around the mean |
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Limitation 1 |
Checking every 30 seconds- reaction could finish in between readings |
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Standard deciation |
Shows how much variation there is from a mean average- the spread around the mean |
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Limitation 1 |
Checking every 30 seconds- reaction could finish in between readings |
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Limitation 2 |
Temperature is not constant- could effect results by giving enzyme too little energy so the reaction doesn't occur as fast as expected or too hot so the enzymes denatures |
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Standard deciation |
Shows how much variation there is from a mean average- the spread around the mean |
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Limitation 1 |
Checking every 30 seconds- reaction could finish in between readings |
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Limitation 2 |
Temperature is not constant- could effect results by giving enzyme too little energy so the reaction doesn't occur as fast as expected or too hot so the enzymes denatures |
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Limitation 3 |
When the reaction has stopped is subjective, people will have different ideas of when it has finished so different results will be obtained which lowers accuracy |
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Standard deviation |
Shows how much variation there is from a mean average- the spread around the mean |
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Limitation 1 |
Checking every 5 seconds- reaction could finish in between readings |
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Limitation 2 |
Temperature of hand is not constant- could effect results by giving enzyme too little energy so the reaction doesn't occur as fast as expected or too hot so the enzymes denatures |
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Limitation 3 |
When the reaction has stopped is subjective, people will have different ideas of when it has finished so different results will be obtained which lowers accuracy |
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Solution 1 |
Constantly watch the reaction and have another person press the timer when you believe it has stopped |
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Solution 2 |
Use a thermostatically controlled water bath |
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Solution 2 |
Use a thermostatically controlled water bath to keep the reaction warm |
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Solution 3 |
Use w magnetic stirrer and measure the time it takes for the stirrer to stop stirring |
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Milk and calcium ions |
There are already calcium ions in milk-use the same milk to improve validity |
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Milk and calcium ions |
There are already calcium ions in milk-use the same milk to improve validity |
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Proteins |
Both the enzymes and substrate are proteins |
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Calcium ions |
Are inorganic ion cofactors |
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mRNA |
Copied from the DNA (transcription) tRNA attaches to mRNA the Ribosomes and forms a protein chain (translation) |
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