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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Identical vs. Fraternal
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Identical- same egg, identical zygotes (monozygotic) 4 in 1,000
Fraternal- two eggs, (dizygotic) 12 in 1,000 |
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Cystic Fibrosis
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genetic disorder-> alveolar cell surfaces become covered with mucus - breathing problems & pneumonia
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Tay-Sachs Disease
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Metabolic disorder. Lack of an enzyme that is required to metabolize a fatty compound in the brain. Lack-fatty compound accumulates & destroys the brain cells
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Individual variation or uniqueness depends on...
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number of different gametes that each organism can produce. Humans- 6.4 million. Genetic combinations - 70 trillion
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Mitosis vs. Meiosis
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Mitosis-> replication of autosomal cells, 46 chromosomes are replicated
Meiosis-> replication of reproductive organs, where gametes are produced |
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Chromosomal replication
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2 sets of chromosomes come together during fertilization
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Haploid-Diploid Cycle
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alteration between one and two sets of genetic material during the reproductive cycle
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Mutations
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Changing the DNA squences alter the coding for the proteins. Can only be passed on when it occurs in the gametes or sex cells
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Gregor Mendel
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revealed the pattern of genetic inheritance in garden peas in 1865 (Mendel's Law)
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Chromosome
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Consists of genetic material (DNA). A gene is a specific sequence of DNA that controls the expression of a trait
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Asexual vs. Sexual Reproduction
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Asexual-> reproduction without the formation of gametes, offspring identical to parents
Sexual-> fusion of 2 haploid cells (gametes) |
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Phenotype
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observable traits or characteristics
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Genotype
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genetic identity that does not show outward
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Homozygote vs. Heterozygote
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Homozygote- same alleles, two identical copies of the gene
Heterozygote- different alleles, carries 2 different versions of that gene |
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Transcription vs. Translation
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Transcription-mRNA molecule is synthesized from a DNA sequence
Translation- tRNA match to mRNA at the ribosome. The amino acids attached to the tRNA form a protein growing chain |
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Central Dogma
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A gene contains the information needed to synthesize a protain molecule which is the expression of that gene. Protein synthesis occurs thru transcription and translation.
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Genetic Code
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Code used to convert the DNA base sequence into an amino acid sequence
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Point/Missense Mutation
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single base change (substitution)
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Nonsense mutation
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change to a stop codon
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Frameshift Mutation
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addition or deletion
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causes of mutations
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UV light, replication errors, Ionizing radiation, chemicals
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Genetic engineering
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manipulation of DNA for human purposes. Can produce large quantities of protein or put a desirable genetic trait into a certain species
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How many bases can be found in the genetic code?
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3 bases (64 codes)
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How does influenza get into host cell?
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Has 2 proteins
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