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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Alleles |
Another form of genes |
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Homozygous |
Two alleles that are the same for a trait.
ie) AA or aa |
Homozygous Homosexual-same sex attraction Homogeneous mixture-made up of the same things |
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Heterozygous |
Two different alleles for a trait.
ie) Aa |
Heterozygous Heterosexual-different sex attraction Heterogeneous mixture-made up of different things |
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Dominant |
•the stronger allele •one or more present to make dominant •represented with a capital letter
ie) AA is dominant, but so is Aa |
Stronger |
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Recessive |
•the weaker allele •will be overrides by a dominant allele •must have to recessive alleles to have a recessive trait •represented by a lower case letter
ie) aa is recessive |
Weaker |
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Mendel's Principle of Segregation |
1) plant traits are handed down through "hereditary factors" in gametes 2) each plants contains two factors for every trait, called alleles 3) factors in a pair segregate during the synopsis phase of meiosis |
Three parts: hereditary, two factors, and meiosis |
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Mendel's Principle of Segregation |
1) plant traits are handed down through "hereditary factors" in gametes 2) each plants contains two factors for every trait, called alleles 3) factors in a pair segregate during the synopsis phase of meiosis |
Three parts: hereditary, two factors, and meiosis |
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Phenotype |
Is the physical, observable characteristics Affected by the genotype and environment
ie) Black hair, short hair, blue eyes |
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Genotype |
Genetic material Affected by the hereditary material passed down by the parents.
ie) Bb, BB, bb |
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Phenotypic Ratio |
Observable, physical characteristics in a ratio
ie) 1homozygous long hair, 2 heterozygous long hair, 1 homozygous short hair |
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Dihybrid Cross |
A genetic cross involving two genes, rather than one
ie) blue eyes and blonde hair |
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Environmental affect on phenotypes |
An organism can have the same genetic information (genotype), but have a different physical characteristics (phenotype) due to their environment
ie) same type of leaves under the water, or on top same animal is cold climate, vs warm |
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Selective breeding |
Crossing of desired traits to produce an offspring with the traits Over time, the desired traits will become more and more common |
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Inbreeding |
Process of breeding organisms of the same phenotypes or similar to produce offspring of the desirable traits
ie) purebred/thoroughbred dogs |
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Hybridization |
The blend of desirable, but different traits to produce an offspring with both |
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Epistatic |
Mask, or interfere with the expression of another gene They produce a new phenotype |
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What is the purpose of a test cross? |
To determine the genotype of an unknown individual
ie) One parent is Bb, and the child is bb Therefore, the other parent will be bb or Bb |
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What is a pedigree chart used for? |
A chart used to solve genetic problems when it is not possible to perform test crosses. |
Family tree |
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Pleiotropic gene |
Gene that affects more than one characteristic |
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What are the two types of multiple alleles? |
1) Wild type (most common) 2) Mutant (anything other than a wild type) |
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Multiple alleles |
Trait that is determined by more than two alleles
ie) human blood types |
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Polygenic trait |
Trait influenced by several genes
ie) eye colour, hair texture, weight |
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Incomplete dominace |
When one allele is NOT completely dominated over the other heterozygous allele, and they blend to make something in between.
ie) Red + White = Pink |
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Codominace |
Both alleles for a gene are present
ie) red and white, roan cattle One parent red, the other white The offspring is roan with both colours |
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Roan |
Spotted |
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