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98 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define:
Apex |
- tip of leaf blade.
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Define:
Acute apex |
- leaf blade tip with an angle of less than 90 degrees.
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Define:
Palmate |
- compound leaf arrangement - no rachis, leaflets radiate from a common point like the fingers from the palm of your hand.
- leaf venation - veins radiate from a common point (usually from blade base) like the fingers radiate from the palm of your hand. |
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Define:
Stipules |
- small leafy flaps on either side of the bud.
- sometimes fused into a ring. - can also be woody, spiny, or paperlike. |
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Define:
Adventitious root |
- originates from a stem or leaf tissue.
- i.e. roots that grow out from cuttings of plants. |
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Define:
Deltoid |
- leaf shape that is roughly triangular.
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Define:
Axillary bud |
- nub of tissue in the axil that gives rise to a leaf, stem, or flower.
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Define:
Habit |
- refers to the overall appearance or growth form of the plant.
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Define:
Caespitose |
- densly clumped & matted.
- tufted |
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Define:
Vine |
- woody or herbaceous
- climbing with tendrils. |
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Define:
Attenuate leaf base |
- blade has straight margins leading to petiole
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Define:
Internode |
- space or distance between nodes.
- space along stem between leaf attachment sites. |
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Define:
Clasping leaf base |
- no petiole, blade attaches directly to stem.
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Define:
Primary veins |
- veins in the leaf blade that extend from the midrib toward the leaf margin.
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Define:
Annual |
- herbaceous - underground parts die each year.
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Define:
Spatulate |
- leaf shape, spoon shaped, relatively straight.
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Define:
Fimbriate leaf margin |
- blade edge fringed with hairs or hair-like structures.
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Define:
Leaf base |
- transition point where blade attaches to petiole.
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Define:
Obtuse apex |
- tip of leaf blade having an angle of more than 90 degrees.
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Define:
Midrib veins |
- veins in the blade extending from the petiole.
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Define:
Attenuate apex |
- blade margins leading to tip of blade are relatively straight.
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Define:
Basal leaf arrangement |
- leaves come off of top of taproot.
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Define:
Tuber |
- solid, enlarged, horizontal stem.
- i.e. potato. |
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Define:
Arboreous |
- tree like.
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Define:
Blade margin |
- the outer edges of the leaf blade
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Define:
Succulent |
- thick, soft, watery leaves or stems.
- i.e. cactus |
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Define:
Ciliate leaf margin |
- hairs on blade edge are closely spaced.
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Define:
Glabrous |
- smooth leaf surface.
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Define:
Acuminate apex |
- long concave blade margins taper to a tip.
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Define:
Fibrous root(s) |
- thin root(s) attached to tap root or comprising entire root system of some plants.
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Define:
Leaf veins |
- lines of transport and support tissue in the leaf blade.
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Define:
Cordate leaf base |
- blade is shallowly notched at petiole.
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Define:
Fascicled leaf arrangement |
- leaves attached to short lateral branches.
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Define:
Sagittate |
- leaf shape, leaf with two basal lobes, straight inner lobe margins.
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Define:
Scapose |
- stems with leaves attached directly.
- no petiole connects the leaf to the stem. |
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Define:
Simple leaf |
- single blade connects to each petiole.
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Define:
Terminal bud |
-nub of tissue at the tip of a stem or branch that gives rise to a leaf, stem, or flower.
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Define:
Leaf unit |
- a leaf unit is defined by the bud placement, there is typically one leaf for each bud placement.
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Define:
Tap root |
- thicker central main root that decends vertically.
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Define:
Reniform |
- leaf shape, kidney shaped, wider than long, notched at the base of the blade.
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Define:
Prostrate |
- growing very flat or horizontal along the ground, tips DO NOT turn upward.
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Define:
Reticulate (net) leaf venation |
- veins forn a net-like pattern across the blade.
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Define:
Decumbent |
-growing flat, trailing, with the tips growing upward.
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Define:
Rhizome |
- stem that is often underground.
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Define:
Palmate leaf vein arrangement |
- 3 or more veins diverge from a common point near the base of the blade.
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Define:
Dissected leaf |
- leaf is deeply lobed or has outline with large jagged edges.
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Define:
Petiolule |
- stalk of a leaflet in a compound leaf.
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Define:
Suffruticose (suffrutescent) |
- woody base, dies back at the top.
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Define:
Pinnate even? odd? |
- leaflets attached like veins of a feather.
- even - attached in pairs. - odd - attached in an alternating fashion, one on one side of the rachis, then another on the other side of the rachis a little further along. |
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Define:
Shrub |
- multiple woody trunks.
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Define:
Herb |
- herbaceous - little or no woody tissue.
- soft tissue dies back to ground. |
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Define:
Tri-pinnate |
- pinnate compound leaf structure to the 3rd degree.
- should be illustrated with a line drawing for clarity. |
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Define:
Stolon |
- horizontal stem at or above the ground surface.
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Define:
Alternate leaf arrangement |
- one leaf originates from one side of the stem, another from the other side of the stem further along the stem.
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Define:
Rachis |
- continuation of petiole in a compund leaf after the first petiolule.
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Define:
Entire leaf |
- leaf in one simple outline or mass.
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Define:
Node |
- position on the stem where the leaf is attached.
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Define:
Obovate |
- leaf shape, egg shaped, widest near apex, blade length less than 3 times width.
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Define:
Bi-pinnate |
- pinnate compound leaf structures attached to each petiolule of a compound leaf.
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Define:
oblanceolate |
- leaf shape, widest at apex and spearhead shaped to blade base.
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Define:
Linear |
- leaf shape, long and narrow with almost parallel sides.
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Define:
Bulb |
- thickened, short, vertical stem, leaves arise from stem.
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Define:
Ovate |
- leaf shape, overall shape is round, widest near petiole
- egg shaped, blade length less than 3 times the width. |
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Define:
Sinuate leaf margin |
- wavy undulating blade edge.
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Define:
Pinnate primary leaf vein arrangement |
- primary leaf veins extend from midrib of leaf in a ladder-like formation.
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Define:
Crenate leaf margin |
- blade edge has rounded lobes or teeth.
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Define:
Blade |
- thin flattened photosynthetic portion of the leaf.
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Define:
Lanceolate |
- leaf shape widest at the base of the blade and spearhead shaped.
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Define:
Petiole |
- thin stalk that connects the blade of the leaf to the stem.
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Define:
Cauline leaf arrangement |
- leaves come off of stem in alternate or opposite arrangement.
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Define:
Leaflet |
- each blade in a compound leaf.
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Define:
Tomentose vestiture |
- long wooly hair, interwoven or matted.
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Define:
Tree |
- one woody trunk.
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Define:
Root |
- underground portion of plant that provides anchorage or water/nutrient absorption.
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Define:
Prostrate habit |
- lays down along surface as it grows.
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Define:
Hastate |
- leaf shape, two basal lobes divege from the petiole.
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Define:
Entire leaf margin |
- smooth blade edge, no teeth, lobes, or jagged edges.
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Define:
Compound leaf |
- more than 1 leaflet (blade) on each petiole.
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Define:
Ternate compound leaf |
- 3 leaflets attached to 1 petiole.
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Define:
Truncate leaf base |
- blade appears cut off or flat at the petiole.
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Define:
Serrate leaf margin |
- sharp shallow or distinct lobes or teeth on edge of blade point toward apex.
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Define:
Dentate leaf margin |
- sharp shallow or distinct lobes or teeth on blade edge point perpendicular to blade margin.
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Define:
Acaulescent |
- no stem or stem entirely below ground.
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Define:
Leaf base |
- point of transition where the petiole connects to the blade of the leaf.
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Define:
Corm |
- solid, enlarged, underground stem with leaves absent.
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Define:
Oblique leaf base |
- one side of blade attaches to the petiole lower than the other side of the blade.
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Define:
Parallel leaf venation |
- veins run parallel from petiole to apex.
- veins extend side by side for whole length of blade. - secondary veins obscure - characteristic of monocots. |
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Define:
Punctate |
- glabrous (smooth) leaf surface with depressions (Hypericum).
- depressions associated with glands. |
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Define:
Glaucous |
- glabrous (smooth) leaf surface with a waxy coating.
- i.e. tulip |
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Define:
Pubescent vestiture |
- short hairs, NOT interwoven.
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Define:
Elliptic |
- leaf shape with widest point of blade near the middle of the blade length.
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Define:
Erect habit |
- grows upright.
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Define:
Cordate |
- leaf shape that is shallowly notched at the base.
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Define:
Perennial |
- herbaceous - undergound parts sprout new growth each year.
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Define:
Axil |
- upper angle of leaf with respect to the stem or branch.
- bud is present in the axil. |
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Define:
Whorled leaf arrangement |
- leaves originate from the stem one at a time in a radial pattern.
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Define:
Opposite leaf arrangement |
- leaves paired, one leave originates from each side of the stem at the same point along the stem.
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Define:
Leaf |
- main photosynthetic part of the plant.
- can be simple or complex (made up of smaller leaflets) |
