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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Who is Charles Darwin?
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The father of evolution
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What are the four main ideas to Darwin's Theory of Evolution (Natural Selection)?
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1. Variation within population
2. Some variations allow an organism a better chance of survival 3. More born than expected to survive. 4. Individuals that survive and reproduce pass their traits to the next generation. |
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What is an adaptation? Give Example.
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Evolution of a structural behavior or internal process that enables an organism to respond to environmental factors and live to produce offspring.
Example: if food supply becomes low, animals will start to eat a different food. |
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Lamarck proposed 3 ideas in his theory on evolution? What are they?
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1. constantly improving
2. structure not used disappear 3. acquired traits are passed on |
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Briefly describe th following an draw a simple example?
Vestigial Structure |
Inherited but unused
appendix |
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Briefly describe the following and draw a simple example?
homologous structure |
similar structure / different function
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Briefly describe the following and draw a simple example?
analogous structure |
different structure / similar function.
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Helps an organism to blend in to their surroundings for protection.
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camouflage
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An adaptation of an organism that copies a characteristic of another organisms that provides protection.
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mimicry
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A butterfly that has dots on its lower wings to give the appearance of a larger animal.
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mimicry
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A walking stick that looks like a tree branch and blends into the tree
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BOTH - Camouflage and mimicry
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A frog that is not well seen due to the coloration of its skin.
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Camouflage
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According to the Hardy-Weinburg principle, what must happen to insure genetic equilibrium?
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No natural selection
Random mating No Migration No Mutation |
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A population of organisms that interbreed and can produce offspring with the ability to reproduce
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species
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A process of change over time
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evolution
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Difference that exist among individuals in the same population
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variation
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A hypothesis that is supported by evidence
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theory
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One girl has brown hair and blue eyes, and the other one has red hair and brown eyes.
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variation
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A group of tigers have 6 new cubs
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species
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The horse species changes from having 4 toes to a hoove
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evolution
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Darwin forms an idea based on all the data he has collected.
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theory
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What is the difference between psysiological adaptations and Anatomical adaptations?
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Physiological - internal change (metabolic process)
Anatomical - Structure of an organism |
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What is it called when a scientist looks at the early stages of development in different species to try and determine if the species were from a common ancestor?
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embryology
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Biochemistry is the study of a living organisms chemistry or chemicals contained in their bodies. What are they looking for and what can be determined by comparing those chemicals?
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If biochemically similiar - fewer differences in amino acid square.
More similarities = more closely related. |
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What are the two types of speciation? Give an example of both.
What is speciation? Two Types: |
1. Geographis isolation
Frogs seperated by a river |
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As a rose bush evolved, it started to produce thorns to protect itself from getting eaten by animals. This is an example of a(n)?
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Adaptation
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True or False
Individual evolve. |
Answer: False
Correct Answer: Populations evolve |
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The alteration of allelic frequencies by chance events
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genetic drift
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All the alleles of a population's genes come together to form this.
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gene pool
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How often particular alleles show up in a population.
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allelic frequencies
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When the alleles of a population remain the same generation after generation.
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genetic equilibrium
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The small population of Amish people that show changes in their population faster that larger population.
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genetic drift
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Brown hair shows up in every 1 out of 6 people.
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allelic frequency
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Can occur only when either interbreeding or the production of fertile offspring is prevented among members of a population
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speciation
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Occurs when formerly interbreeding organisms are prevented form producing fertile offspring.
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reproductive isolation
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Polyploid speciation is perhaps the fastest form of speciation because it results in immediate
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reproductive isolation
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The hypothesis is supported by evidence from the _________ record.
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fossil
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The hypothesis of _________________ states that speciation may occur rapidly.
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punctuated equilibrium
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_______ is a technique in which the breeder selects particular traits.
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artificial selection
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A structural adaptation enabling an organism to blend in with its
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camouflage
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Another structural adaptation call ____________ protects an organism by copying the appearance of another species.
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mimicry
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The total number of genes present in a population is the
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gene pool
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The __________ is the percentage of a particular allele in a population.
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allelic frequency
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The alteration of allelic frequencies by chance events is known as
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genetic drift
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_______ is the type of selection that favors average individuals in a population.
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stabilizing selection
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______ is a mechanism for change in a population in which organisms with favorable variations live, reproduce, and pass on their favorable traits.
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natural selection
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The concept that speciation occurs relatively quickly with long periods of stability in between is known as
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punctuated equilibrium
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Any structure that no longer serves its original function in a living organism but may have been used in an ancestor is known as a(n)
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vestigial structure
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The evolution of an ancestral species into an array of species that occupy different niches is called
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adaptive radiation
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