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82 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Integumentary System

From the external body covering, and protects deeper tissues from injury. Synthesizes vitamin D, and houses cutaneous (pain, pressure) receptor and sweat and oil glands.

Skeletal System

Protect and supports body organs, and provides a framework the muscle use to cause movement. Blood cells are formed.

Muscular System

Allows manipulation of environment locomotion and facial expression. Maintains postures and produce heat.

Nervous System

As the fast acting control system of the body, it responds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands.

Endocrine System

Glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth reproduction, and nutrients use (metabolism) by body cells.

Cardiovascular System

Blood system transport blood, which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients wastes, etc. The heart pumps blood.

Lymphatic System/ Immunity

Pick up fluid leaked from blood vessels and return it to blood. Dispose of debris in the lymphatic stream. Houses white blood cells (lymphocytes) involved in immunity the immune response mounts the attacks against foreign substances within the body.

Respiratory System

Keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxides. The gaseous exchanges occur through the walls of the air sacs of the lungs

Digestive System

Breaks down food into absorbable units that enters the blood for distribution to body cells. Indigestible food stuff are eliminated as faces

Urinary System

Eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body. regulates water, electrolyte and acid-base balance of the blood.

Male and Female Rep

Overall function is production of offspring. Testes produce sperm and male sex hormone, and male ducts and glands aid in delivery of sperm to the female reproductive tract. Ovaries produce eggs and female sex hormones. The remaining female structures serve as sites for fertilization and development of the fetus. Mammary glands of female breasts produce milk to nourish the newborn. �������������������������������������������������������
1. Maintainingboundaries between internal and externalenvironments
•Plasmamembranes

•Skin

2. Movement(contractility)
•Of body parts (skeletal muscle)

•Of substances (cardiac and smooth muscle)

3.Responsiveness:The ability to sense and respond to stimuli
•Withdrawalre flex

•Control of breathing rate

4.Digestion
•Breakdown of ingested foodstuffs

•Absorption of simple molecules into blood

5.Metabolism:All chemical reactions that occur in body cells
•Catabolism and anabolism
6.Excretion:The removal of wastes from metabolism and digestion
•Urea,carbon dioxide, feces
7.Reproduction
•Cellular division for growth or repair

•Productionof offspring

8.Growth:Increase in size of a body part or of organism
Growth: Increase in size of a body part or of organism
1.Nutrients
•Chemicalsfor energy and cell building •Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, minerals, vitamins
2.Oxygen
•Essentialfor energy release (ATP production)
3.Water
•Most abundant chemical in the body

•Site of chemical reactions

4.Normal body temperature
•Affectsrate of chemical reactions
5.Appropriate atmospheric pressure
•Foradequate breathing and gas exchange in the lungs
Homeostasis
•despite continuous outside changes
1.Receptor(sensor)
•Monitors the environment

•Responds to stimuli (changes in controlled variables)

2.Controlcenter
•Determines the set point at which the variable is maintained

•Receives input from receptor


•Determines appropriate response

3.Effector
•Receives output from control center

•Provides the means to respond


•Response acts to reduce or enhance the stimulus (feedback)

Negative Feedback (low blood volume)
•The response reduces or shuts off the original stimulus
Negative Feedback: Regulation of BloodVolume by ADH
•Receptors sense decreased blood volume

•Control center in hypothalamus stimulates pituitary gland to release anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)

Positive Feedback
•The response enhances or exaggerates the original stimulus

•May exhibit a cascade or amplifying effect


•Usually controls infrequent events


•Enhancement of labor contractions by oxytocin •Platelet plug formation and blood clotting

Frontal

Forehead

Orbital

Eye

Nasal

Nose

Oral

Mouth

Mental

Chin

Cervical

Throat

Axillary

Armpit

Mammary

Breast

Sternal

Breast Bone

umbilical

Belly Bottom

Pelvic

Top of the Groin

Inguinal

groin

Pubic

Genital

Acromial

Upper arm

Brachial

Arm

Antecubital

Top of the forearm

Antebrachial

Forearm

Carpal

Wrist

Manus

Hand

Palmar

Palm

Pollex

Thumbs

Digital

Fingers

Coxal

Hip

Femoral

Thigh

Patellar

Knee

Crural

Leg

Fibular or Peronea

the side of the leg

Pedal

foot

Tarsal

ankle

Metatarsal

before the toes

Digital

toes

Hallux

Big Toe

(Hand)


Metacarpal

back of the hand

Femoral

thigh

popliteal

back of the knee

Sural

calf

Calcaneal

Heel

Plantar

in front of the heel

Otic

ear

occipital

back of head

Cervical

neck

Dorsal

Back

Scapular

Shoulder blade

Vertebral

Spinal cord

Lumbar

side of the back

Sacral

Tail bone

Gluteal

Ass

Perineal

anus

Frontal Plane

Front Side

Median plane

Middle side

Transverse plane

but in the middle of the torsal