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87 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
The simplest chemical units of matter are
atoms.
Which of the following is the largest in size?
a molecule
Isotopes of an element differ in the number of
neutrons in the nucleus.
The atomic number represents the number of
protons in an atom.
All atoms with the same atomic number are grouped into
elements.
The mass number of an atom indicates the number of
protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
The chemical behavior of an atom is determined by
the number and arrangement of electrons
Ions with a positive charge are called
cations.
In living cells, the weakest bond between two or more atoms is the ________ bond.
hydrogen
Ionic bonds are formed when
electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another.
If a pair of electrons is unequally shared between two atoms, a(n) _______ occurs.
polar covalent bond
Which one of the following statements is not correct about the reaction H + Cl ? 2 HCl?
This reaction is an example of a decomposition reaction.
AB ? A + B is to decomposition as A + B ? AB is to:
synthesis
All of the following are true concerning enzymes, except that they
become a part of the reaction's product.
Substrate molecules bind to enzymes at the________ sites.
active
Each of the following is an example of an inorganic compound except:
glucose
During ionization, water molecules disrupt the ionic bonds of a solute and a mixture of ions is produced. These ions are called:
electrolytes
Oppositely charged ions in solution are prevented from combining by
hydration spheres.
Which of the following substances would be least acidic?
urine, pH = 6
If a substance has a pH that is greater than 7, it is
alkaline.
Inorganic compounds that are soluble and whose ions will conduct an electrical current are called
electrolytes.
The most important metabolic fuel molecule in the body is
glucose.
A polysaccharide that is formed in liver and muscle cells to store glucose is:
glycogen
A fatty acid that contains a double covalent bond in its carbon chain is said to be
unsaturated.
Most of the fat found in the human body is in the form of:
triglycerides.
You would expect a peptide bond to link
two amino acids
Each amino acid differs from another in the
nature of the R group.
Glycoproteins and proteoglycans are combinations of proteins and
carbohydrates.
Molecules that store and process genetic information are the:
nucleic acids.
Nucleic acids are composed of units called
nucleotides.
A nucleotide consists of
a five-carbon sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group
According to the rules of complementary base paring, a nucleotide containing the base cytosine would pair with a nucleotide containing the base:
guanine
The most important high-energy compound in cells is
adenosine triphosphate.
The bond between sodium and chloride in the compound sodium chloride (NaCl) is
an ionic bond.
Hydrophilic molecules readily associate with
water molecules.
Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are classified as
organic molecules.
If an isotope of oxygen has 8 protons, 10 neutrons, and 8 electrons, its mass number is
18
Of the following choices, the pH of the least acidic solution is
6.0.
Electrons have a ________ charge; protons have a ________ charge; and neutrons have a ________ charge.
negative; positive; neutral
Identify cations from the following:
A and C
An anion would best be represented by which of the following?
Cl-
An example of an organic substance is
table sugar
An example of an inorganic substance is
water.
In hydrolysis reactions, compounds react with
water causing decomposition.
In dehydration reactions, compounds
lose water molecules.
If a molecule has two equal and opposite electrically charged poles separated by a short distance, it is said to be
dipolar
The chemical symbol indicating concentration is represented as
[ ].
Which has the greater concentration of hydrogen ions, a substance with a pH of 5 or a substance with a pH of 4?
A pH of 4 is greater.
Which pH is closest to neutral pH?
pH 6
A functional group is best described as groupings of
atoms that occur repeatedly, such as carboxyl groups and amino groups.
Identify the product formed from the phosphorylation of ADP.
adenosine triphosphate
ADP + P ?.
ATP
Adenine and guanine are
represented by A and G.
The molecule CO2 is known as
carbon dioxide
The molecule O2 is known as
oxygen.
The basic units of matter include ________ or ________.
atoms; elements
H2O is an example of a(n)
molecular formula.
An excess of hydrogen ions in the body fluids can have disastrous results because
all of the above
If an element is composed of atoms with an atomic number of 6 and a mass number of 14, then a neutral atom of this element contains
6 protons.
When electrons are transferred from one atom to another, and the two atoms unite as a result of the
an ionic bond is formed.
When two monosaccharides undergo a dehydration synthesis,
a disaccharide is formed.
A shortage of cholesterol in the body would interfere with the formation of
sex hormones
The nucleic acid RNA
contains uracil in place of thymine.
A(n) ________ is a substance that consists entirely of atoms with the same atomic number.
element
The center of an atom is called the ________.
nucleus
Electrons in an atom occupy an orderly series of electron shells or ________.
energy levels
A(n) ________ is a combination of two or more atoms and has different physical and chemical properties than its individual atoms.
compound
Ions with a positive charge are called ________.
cation
Ions with a negative charge are called ________.
anion
________ control the rate of chemical reactions that occur in the human body.
enzymes
________ molecules are compounds that contain carbon as the primary structural atom.
organic
________ compounds do not contain carbon as the primary structural atom.
inorganic
A(n) ________ is a homogeneous mixture containing a solvent and a solute.
solution
Molecules that readily dissolve in water are called
hydrophilic
Molecules that do not dissolve in water are called
hydrophobic
The ________ of a solution is the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration expressed in moles per liter in the solution.
pH
________ are compounds that in solution maintain pH within given limits.
buffers
________ are lipid molecules that form biological membranes.
phosopholipids
The molecule DNA contains a five-carbon sugar called ________.
deoxyribose
The molecule RNA contains a five-carbon sugar called ________.
ribose
The hydrolysis of ATP yields the molecule ________.
ADP
Identify the three components of a nucleotide.
pentose, phosphate group, nitrogenous base
Explain the role of water molecules in polysaccharide formation.
Water molecules are released in the dehydration
What role do buffer systems play in the human body?
Buffer systems maintain pH within normal limits by removing or replacing hydrogen ions as needed
Why is it life-threatening to have a high fever?
A high body temperature can be life-threatening because the heat can cause certain proteins, such as vital enzymes, to become denatured. When this occurs, the proteins become nonfunctional and if they catalyze reactions that are necessary for life, life will cease.
How does the DNA molecule control the appearance and function of a cell?
The DNA molecule controls the manufacture of enzymes and structural proteins. By controlling the manufacture of structural proteins, the DNA is able to influence the physical appearance of a cell. By controlling the production of enzymes, the DNA is able to control all aspects of cellular metabolism and thus control the activity and biological functions of the cell.
The element sulfur has an atomic number of 16 and an atomic weight of 32. How many neutrons are in the nucleus of a sulfur atom?
The number of neutrons in an atom is equal to the atomic weight minus the atomic number. Thus, sulfur has 32 - 16 = 16 neutrons. The atomic number indicates the number of protons, so a neutral sulfur atom contains 16 protons plus 16 electrons to balance the protons electrically. The electrons would be distributed as follows: 2 in the first level, 8 in the second level, and the remaining 6 in the third level.