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87 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The simplest chemical units of matter are
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atoms.
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Which of the following is the largest in size?
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a molecule
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Isotopes of an element differ in the number of
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neutrons in the nucleus.
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The atomic number represents the number of
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protons in an atom.
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All atoms with the same atomic number are grouped into
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elements.
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The mass number of an atom indicates the number of
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protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
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The chemical behavior of an atom is determined by
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the number and arrangement of electrons
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Ions with a positive charge are called
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cations.
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In living cells, the weakest bond between two or more atoms is the ________ bond.
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hydrogen
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Ionic bonds are formed when
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electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another.
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If a pair of electrons is unequally shared between two atoms, a(n) _______ occurs.
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polar covalent bond
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Which one of the following statements is not correct about the reaction H + Cl ? 2 HCl?
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This reaction is an example of a decomposition reaction.
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AB ? A + B is to decomposition as A + B ? AB is to:
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synthesis
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All of the following are true concerning enzymes, except that they
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become a part of the reaction's product.
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Substrate molecules bind to enzymes at the________ sites.
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active
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Each of the following is an example of an inorganic compound except:
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glucose
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During ionization, water molecules disrupt the ionic bonds of a solute and a mixture of ions is produced. These ions are called:
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electrolytes
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Oppositely charged ions in solution are prevented from combining by
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hydration spheres.
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Which of the following substances would be least acidic?
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urine, pH = 6
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If a substance has a pH that is greater than 7, it is
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alkaline.
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Inorganic compounds that are soluble and whose ions will conduct an electrical current are called
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electrolytes.
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The most important metabolic fuel molecule in the body is
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glucose.
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A polysaccharide that is formed in liver and muscle cells to store glucose is:
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glycogen
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A fatty acid that contains a double covalent bond in its carbon chain is said to be
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unsaturated.
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Most of the fat found in the human body is in the form of:
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triglycerides.
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You would expect a peptide bond to link
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two amino acids
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Each amino acid differs from another in the
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nature of the R group.
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Glycoproteins and proteoglycans are combinations of proteins and
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carbohydrates.
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Molecules that store and process genetic information are the:
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nucleic acids.
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Nucleic acids are composed of units called
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nucleotides.
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A nucleotide consists of
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a five-carbon sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group
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According to the rules of complementary base paring, a nucleotide containing the base cytosine would pair with a nucleotide containing the base:
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guanine
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The most important high-energy compound in cells is
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adenosine triphosphate.
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The bond between sodium and chloride in the compound sodium chloride (NaCl) is
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an ionic bond.
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Hydrophilic molecules readily associate with
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water molecules.
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Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are classified as
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organic molecules.
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If an isotope of oxygen has 8 protons, 10 neutrons, and 8 electrons, its mass number is
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18
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Of the following choices, the pH of the least acidic solution is
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6.0.
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Electrons have a ________ charge; protons have a ________ charge; and neutrons have a ________ charge.
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negative; positive; neutral
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Identify cations from the following:
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A and C
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An anion would best be represented by which of the following?
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Cl-
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An example of an organic substance is
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table sugar
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An example of an inorganic substance is
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water.
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In hydrolysis reactions, compounds react with
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water causing decomposition.
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In dehydration reactions, compounds
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lose water molecules.
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If a molecule has two equal and opposite electrically charged poles separated by a short distance, it is said to be
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dipolar
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The chemical symbol indicating concentration is represented as
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[ ].
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Which has the greater concentration of hydrogen ions, a substance with a pH of 5 or a substance with a pH of 4?
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A pH of 4 is greater.
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Which pH is closest to neutral pH?
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pH 6
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A functional group is best described as groupings of
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atoms that occur repeatedly, such as carboxyl groups and amino groups.
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Identify the product formed from the phosphorylation of ADP.
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adenosine triphosphate
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ADP + P ?.
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ATP
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Adenine and guanine are
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represented by A and G.
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The molecule CO2 is known as
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carbon dioxide
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The molecule O2 is known as
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oxygen.
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The basic units of matter include ________ or ________.
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atoms; elements
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H2O is an example of a(n)
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molecular formula.
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An excess of hydrogen ions in the body fluids can have disastrous results because
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all of the above
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If an element is composed of atoms with an atomic number of 6 and a mass number of 14, then a neutral atom of this element contains
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6 protons.
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When electrons are transferred from one atom to another, and the two atoms unite as a result of the
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an ionic bond is formed.
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When two monosaccharides undergo a dehydration synthesis,
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a disaccharide is formed.
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A shortage of cholesterol in the body would interfere with the formation of
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sex hormones
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The nucleic acid RNA
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contains uracil in place of thymine.
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A(n) ________ is a substance that consists entirely of atoms with the same atomic number.
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element
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The center of an atom is called the ________.
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nucleus
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Electrons in an atom occupy an orderly series of electron shells or ________.
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energy levels
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A(n) ________ is a combination of two or more atoms and has different physical and chemical properties than its individual atoms.
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compound
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Ions with a positive charge are called ________.
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cation
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Ions with a negative charge are called ________.
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anion
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________ control the rate of chemical reactions that occur in the human body.
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enzymes
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________ molecules are compounds that contain carbon as the primary structural atom.
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organic
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________ compounds do not contain carbon as the primary structural atom.
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inorganic
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A(n) ________ is a homogeneous mixture containing a solvent and a solute.
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solution
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Molecules that readily dissolve in water are called
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hydrophilic
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Molecules that do not dissolve in water are called
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hydrophobic
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The ________ of a solution is the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration expressed in moles per liter in the solution.
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pH
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________ are compounds that in solution maintain pH within given limits.
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buffers
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________ are lipid molecules that form biological membranes.
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phosopholipids
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The molecule DNA contains a five-carbon sugar called ________.
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deoxyribose
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The molecule RNA contains a five-carbon sugar called ________.
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ribose
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The hydrolysis of ATP yields the molecule ________.
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ADP
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Identify the three components of a nucleotide.
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pentose, phosphate group, nitrogenous base
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Explain the role of water molecules in polysaccharide formation.
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Water molecules are released in the dehydration
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What role do buffer systems play in the human body?
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Buffer systems maintain pH within normal limits by removing or replacing hydrogen ions as needed
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Why is it life-threatening to have a high fever?
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A high body temperature can be life-threatening because the heat can cause certain proteins, such as vital enzymes, to become denatured. When this occurs, the proteins become nonfunctional and if they catalyze reactions that are necessary for life, life will cease.
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How does the DNA molecule control the appearance and function of a cell?
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The DNA molecule controls the manufacture of enzymes and structural proteins. By controlling the manufacture of structural proteins, the DNA is able to influence the physical appearance of a cell. By controlling the production of enzymes, the DNA is able to control all aspects of cellular metabolism and thus control the activity and biological functions of the cell.
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The element sulfur has an atomic number of 16 and an atomic weight of 32. How many neutrons are in the nucleus of a sulfur atom?
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The number of neutrons in an atom is equal to the atomic weight minus the atomic number. Thus, sulfur has 32 - 16 = 16 neutrons. The atomic number indicates the number of protons, so a neutral sulfur atom contains 16 protons plus 16 electrons to balance the protons electrically. The electrons would be distributed as follows: 2 in the first level, 8 in the second level, and the remaining 6 in the third level.
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