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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Biodiversity |
the variation found in lifeforms (maintains the strength and adaptability of the world) |
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Biotic Factors |
Genetic/Chemical factors |
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Abiotic Factors |
the environment |
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Morphology |
the structure and shape of an organism |
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Phylogeny |
Evolutionary history of a species or group of species |
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Systematics |
the study of biological diversity and the evolutionary relationships among organisms, both extinct and modern |
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Taxonomy |
the study of biological diversity and the evolutionary relationships among organisms, both extinct and modern |
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Convergent Evolution |
traits that show up completely independent of each other on different continents but emerge because of similar enviornments |
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What are the levels on the hierarchical system called? |
taxons |
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What are the 3 domains of life? |
bacteria, archaea, and eukarya |
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Name the 8 groups on hierarchical system: |
Doman Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species |
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New species can be formed by what two methods? |
Anagenesis and Cladogenesis
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What is Anagenesis? |
a single species that evolves into a different species |
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What is Cladogenesis? |
a species that diverges into two or more species |
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What is a clade? |
A group of organisms believed to have derived from one common ancestor. |
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What are the 4 essential processes in plant growth and development? |
1. cell division 2. growth 3. specialization 4. apoptosis (cell death)
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What is SAM and RAM? |
Shoot Apical Meristem and Root Apical Meristem |
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What is a meristem? |
a region of undifferentiated cells that produce new tissue by cell division |
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What are the 3 organ types in Angiosperms? |
1. stem 2. leaves 3. roots |
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SAM and RAM produce 3 primary tissue meristems including the photoderm, epidermis, and procambium. What does the photoderm do? |
the photoderm generates dermal tissue |
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SAM and RAM produce 3 primary tissue meristems including the photoderm, epidermis, and procambium. What does the epidermis do? |
the epidermis develops at the stem surface and creates a waxy coating called the cuticle |
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What is the cuticle on a plant? |
a protective film covering the epidermis of leaves |
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SAM and RAM produce 3 primary tissue meristems including the photoderm, epidermis, and procambium. What does the procambium do? |
The procambium produces vascular tissue
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What are the two types of vascular tissue? |
Xylem and Phloem
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What does the vascular tissue Xylem do? |
transports water and dissolved minerals up to the plant |
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What does the vascular tissue Phloem do? |
transports organics and some minerals through the plant |
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What does Ground Meristem do? |
produces ground tissue defined by the location of the plant |
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What are the 3 types of tissue produced by Ground Meristem? |
Parenchyma Collenchyma Sclerenchyma
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What does the tissue Parencheyma do? |
it is the least specialized, it has thin walls, and it heals broken plants
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What does the tissue Collenchyma do? |
it is flexible, elongated, with thick walls, and it provides support and strength
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What does the tissue Sclerenchyma do? |
it has rigid structural support that has thick walls and protects other cells -fibers -sclerids
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Herbaceous plants produce mostly _________ vascular tissue. |
primary
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Woody plants produce _________ and __________ vascular tissue |
primary and secondary |
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What are the 3 characteristics of primary xylem? |
1. includes living cells of paranchyma (unspecialized) 2. stiff fibers 3. includes tracheids and vessel elements (dead @ maturity)
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What are the 3 characteristics of primary phloem? |
1. sieve tube elements 2. composition cells aid in sieve tube element metabolism 3. long sclerenchyma and parenchyma cells |
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What do sieve tube elements do? |
They help transport sugars through the plant |
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What is secondary xylem? |
wood
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What is secondary phylem? |
inner bark |
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What is the top side of a leaf called? |
adaxical side |
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What is the bottom of a leaf called? |
abaxical side |
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What are the 5 leaf forms? |
simple leaves complex/compound leaves "needles" tendrils "traps"
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What are trichomes on a leaf surface? |
hairlike projections |
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What do guard cells do on a leaf surface? |
open and close the stomata |
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What two things on a leaf regulate water loss? |
CAM and C4
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What is on the tip of roots that tell them which direction to grow? |
collumnella |
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What is the thing that acts like a lubricant on the tip of roots? |
mucigel |
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Roots: The Zone of Elongation |
cells expand by water uptake |
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Roots: The Zone of Maturation |
identified by root hairs being present |
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What are the 3 types of roots |
pneumatophores drop roots buttresses |
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Where do pneumatophore roots grow? |
in places low in oxygen
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Where do drop roots grow? |
in places like swamps |
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Where do buttresses roots grow? |
in the tropics, they grow wide but not deep |
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What part of the flower is this? |
sepal/calyx |
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What part of the flower is this? |
petals/corolla |
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What male part of the flower is this? List the parts |
This is the stamen and it has an anther and a fillament |
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What female part of the flower is this? List the parts |
This is the carpel it has a stigma at the very top, a style, and an ovary which contains ovules |
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Dicot seeds, what do these do?
seed coat cotyledons epicotyl hypocotyl radicle |
seed coat: protection cotyledons: store food epicotyl: embryotic shoot hypocotyl: embryotic ROOT radicle: root tip |
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Monocot seeds, what do these do?
endosperm coleoptile coleorhiza |
energy store protects the epicotyl protects the hypocotyl |
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What are the 4 divisions of gymnosperms? |
cycadophyta, ginkophyta, coniferophyta, and gnetophyta |
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Modern bryophytes can store what atmospheric gas? |
CO2 |
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During the Mezezoic era (age of the dinosaurs) what plant dominated the land? |
Gymnosperms |
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What are the two divisions of Ferns? |
Lycophytes and Pteridophytes |
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What comes after Bryophytes on the phylogenetic tree? |
Tracheophytes |
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What was different about tracheophytes from bryophytes and what are the two types of that? |
vascular tissue
xylem and phloem |
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What is phylogeny, taxonomy, and systematics? |
phylogeny: the biological relationships of organisms taxonomy: naming things systematics: the process of classifying things based on their phylogeny |
