Biology 202 Exam #1

Front 1

Origin of Species

Back 1

1859

Front 2

Four Assumption

Back 2

1. Variation exists
2. Some variation is heritable
3. More offspring are produced than can survive
4. If some of the heritable variation is beneficial then that variation will be spread

Front 3

Natural Selection

Back 3

1. Population with varied inherited traits
2. Elimination of individuals with certain traits
3. Reproduciton of survivors
4. Increasing frequency of traits that enhance survival and reproductive success

Front 4

Adaptation

Back 4

the trait taht allowed the organism to be fit

Front 5

Linnaeus

Back 5

Binomial nomenclature 1700's

Front 6

Hutton

Back 6

Gradualism 1795

Front 7

Malthus

Back 7

There are limits to the growth of a population 1798

Front 8

Cuvier

Back 8

Proved extinction 1800's

Front 9

Lamarck

Back 9

theory of acquired characteristics 1809- ex. muscle builder would pass big muscles to children

Front 10

Chambers

Back 10

convinced the public that biological change is possible 1840's

Front 11

Lyell

Back 11

small geographic changes over time create large geographic change--Principles of Geology-- HMS Beagle w/ Darwin--1830's

Front 12

Darwin

Back 12

1859 Origin of Species
Galapagos Finches

Front 13

Wallace

Back 13

pushed Darwin to publish

Front 14

Homologous

Back 14

some evolutionary history

Front 15

Analogous

Back 15

different evolutionary history, but SAME function

Front 16

Convergent Evolution

Back 16

different start- same end

Front 17

Divergent Evolution

Back 17

same start- different end

Front 18

Vestigial organ

Back 18

organ that is remnant of an ancestral trait but is no longer of use

Front 19

Reznic and Endler Transplant Experiment

Back 19

species change according to predation

Front 20

Evolution

Back 20

change in a popluations genetic structure over time

Front 21

Microevolution

Back 21

change in a population over time

Front 22

Macroevolution

Back 22

evolution (development) of a new species/genus/class/etc.

Front 23

Anagenesis

Back 23

one species changes into another

Front 24

Cladogenesis

Back 24

one species results in two species

Front 25

Biological Species Concept

Back 25

a species is a group of organisms that have the potential to breed and produce viable offspring in nature

Front 26

Prezygotic Barriers

Back 26

1. Habitat
2. Temporal
3. Behavioral
4. Mechanical
5. Gametic

Front 27

Postzygotic Barriers

Back 27

6. Reduced Hybrid Viability
7. Reduced Hybrid Fertility
8. Hybrid Breakdown

Front 28

Allopatric Speciation

Back 28

geographical barrier splits population

Front 29

Sympatric Speciation

Back 29

new species arises within the range of the original population

Front 30

Ring Species

Back 30

several population can interbreed except at one point in the range

Front 31

Adaptive Radiation

Back 31

multiple speciation events resulting from "new" habitat with little competition

Front 32

Gradualism

Back 32

slow changes

Front 33

Punctuated Equilibrium

Back 33

rapid changes

Front 34

Exaption

Back 34

changing the use of a trait from what it originally evolved for

Front 35

Phylogeny

Back 35

a theoretical grouping of organisms based on evolutionary history (a hypothesis)

Front 36

Monophyletic

Back 36

ancestor and all of its descendents

Front 37

Paraphyletic

Back 37

ancestor and some of its descendants

Front 38

Polyphyletic

Back 38

some descendants but not their common ancestor

Front 39

Cladogram

Back 39

picture of phylogeny (aka phylogentic tree)

Front 40

Outgroup

Back 40

least related to the rest of the species

Front 41

Phylogram

Back 41

lenght matters

Front 42

Principle of Parsimony

Back 42

simple explanations are better than more complex

Front 43

Ecology

Back 43

the study of an organisms interactions with the biotic and abiotic factors in its environment