Biology 202 Chapter 30 Plant Diversity Ii: The Evolution Of Seed Plants

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SEED

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an adaptation of some terrestrial plants consisting of an embryo packaged along with a store of food within a protective coat

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INTEGUMENT

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layer of sporophyte tissue that contributes to the structure of an ovule of a seed plant

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OVULE

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a structure that develops within the ovary of a seed plant and contains the female gametophyte

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POLLEN GRAIN

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in seed plants, a structure consisting of the male gametophyte enclosed within a pollen wall

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POLLINATION

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the transfer of pollen to the part of a seed palnt containing the ovules, a process required for fertilization

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PROGYMNOSPERM

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an extinct seedless vascular plant that may be ancestral to seed plants

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CONIFER

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member of the largest gymnosperm phylum; most conifers are cone-bearing trees, such as pines and firs

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SEPAL

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a modified leaf in angiosperms that helps enclose and protect a flower bud before it opens

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FLOWER

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in an angiosperm, a short stem with up to four sets of modified leaves, bearing structures that function in sexual reproduction

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PETAL

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a modified leaf of a flowering plant, petals are often colorful parts of a flower that advertise it to insects and other pollinators

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STAMEN

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the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower, consisting of an anther and a filament

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FILAMENT

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in an angiosperm, the stalk portion of the stamen, the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower

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ANTHER

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in an angiosperm, the terminal pollen sac of a stamen, where pollen grains containing sperm-producing male gametophytes form

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CARPEL

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the ovule-producing reproductive organ of a flower, consisting of te stigma, style and ovary

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STIGMA

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the sticky part of a flower's carpel, which traps pollen grains

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STYLE

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the stalk of a flower's carpel, with the ovary at the base and the stigma at the top

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OVARY

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in flowers, the portion of a carpel in which the egg-containing ovules develop

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FRUIT

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a mature ovary of a flower; the fruit protects dormant seeds and often aids in their dispersal

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EMBRYO SAC

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the female gametophyte of angiosperms, formed from the growth and division of the megaspore into a multicellular structure taht typically has eight haploid nuclei

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CROSS-POLLINATION

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in angiosperms, the transfer of pollen from an anther of a flower on one plant to the stigma of a flower on another plant of the same species

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MICROPYLE

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a pore in the integuments of an ovule

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DOUBLE FERTILIZATION

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a mechanism of fertilization in angiosperms in which two sperm cells unite with two cells in the female gametophyte to form the zygote and endosperm

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COTYLEDON

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a seed leaf of an angiosperm embryo; some species have one cotyledon and others have two

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ENDOSPERM

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in angiosperms, a nutrient-rich tissue formed by the union of a sperm with two polar nuclei during double fertilization; the endosperm provides nourishment to the developing embryo in angiosperm seeds

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MONOCOT

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member of the clade consisting of flowering plants that have one embryonic seed leaf or cotyledon

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DICOT

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a term traditionally used to refer to flowering plants that have two embryonic seed leaves or cotyledons

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EUDICOT

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member of a clade consisting of the vast majority of flowering plants that have two embryonic seed leaves or cotyledons

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BASAL ANGIOSPERM

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member of a clade of three early-diverging lineages of flowering plants

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MAGNOLIID

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member of the angiosperm clade most closely related to eudicots