Biology 202 Chapter 29 Plant Diversity 1: How Plants Colonized Land

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PHRAGMOPLAST

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an alignment of cytoskeletal elements and Golgi-derived vesicles that forms across the midline of a dividing plant cell

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SPOROPOLLENIN

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a durable polymer that covers exposed zygotes of charophyte algae and forms the walls of plant spores, preventing them from drying out

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CUTICLE

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a waxy covering on the surface of stems and leaves that acts as an adaptation that prevents dessication in terrestrial plants

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VASCULAR TISSUE

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plant tissue consisting of cells joined into tubes that transport water and nutrients throughout the plant body

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VASCULAR PLANT

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a plant with vascular tissue; vascular plants include all living plant species except mosses, liverworts and hornworts

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BRYOPHYTE

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an informal name for a moss, liverwort or hornwort; a nonvascular plant that lives on land but lacks some of the terrestrial adaptations of vascular plants

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LYCOPHYTE

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an informal name for a member fo the phylum Lychophyta, which includes club mosses, spkek mosses and quillworts

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PTEROPHYTE

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an informal name for a member of the phylum Pterophyta, which includes ferns, horsetails and whisk ferns and their relatives

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SEEDLESS VASCULAR PLANTS

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an informal name for a plant that has vascular tissue but lacks seeds; seedless vascular plants form a paraphyletic group that includes the phyla Lycophyta and Pterophyta

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GRADE

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a group of organisms that share the same level of organizational complexity or share a key adaptation

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SEED

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an adaptation of some terrestrial plants consisting of an embryo packaged along with a store of food within a protective coat

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GYMNOSPERM

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a vascular plant that bears naked seeds-seeds not enclosed in specialized chambers

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ANGIOSPERM

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a flowering plant, which forms seeds inside a protective chamber called an ovary

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PROTONEMA

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a mass of green, branched, one-cell thick filaments produced by germinating moss spores

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GAMETOPHORE

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the mature gamete-producing structure of a moss gametophyte

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RHIZOID

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a long, tubular single cell or filament of cells that anchors bryophytes to the ground; unlike roots rhizoids are not composed of tissues, lack specialized conducting cells, and do not play a primary role in water and mineral absorption

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FOOT

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the portion of a bryophyte sporophyte that gathers sugars, amino acids, and minerals from the parent gametophyte via transfer cells

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SETA

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the elongated stalk of a bryophyte sporophyte

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CAPSULE

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the sporangium of a bryophyte

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PERISTOME

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a ring of interlocking, tooth-like structures oon the upper part of a moss capsule, often specialized for gradual spore discharge

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STOMA

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a microscopic pore surrounded by guard cells in the epidermis of leaves and stems that allow gas exchange between the environment and the interior of the plant

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PEAT

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extensive deposits of partially decayed organic material formed primarily form the wetland moss Sphagnum

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XYLEM

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vascular plant tissue consisting mainly of tubular dead cells that conduct most of the water and minerals upward from the roots to the rest of the plant

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TRACHEID

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a long, tapered water conducting cell formed int he xylem of nearly all vascular plants; functioning tracheids are no longer living

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LIGNIN

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a hard material embedded in the cellolose matrix of vascular plant cell walls that provides structural support in terrestrial species

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PHLOEM

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vascular plant tissue consisting of living cells arranged into elongated tubes that transport sugar and other organic nutrients throughout the plant

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ROOT

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an organ in vascular plants that anchors the plant and enables it to absorb water and minerals from the soil

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LEAF

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the main photosynthetic organ of vascular plants

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MICROPHYLL

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in lycophytes, a small leaf with a single unbranched vein

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MEGAPHYLL

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a leaf witha highly branched vascular system, characteristic of the vast majority of vascular plants

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SPOROPHYLL

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a modified leaf that bears sporangia and hence is specialized for reproduction

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SPOROPHYLL

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a modified leaf that bears sporangia and hence is specialized for reproduction

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SORUS

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a cluster of sporangia on a fern sporophyll; sori may be arranged in various patterns, such as parallel lines or dots, which are useful in fern identification

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SORUS

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a cluster of sporangia on a fern sporophyll; sori may be arranged in various patterns, such as parallel lines or dots, which are useful in fern identification

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STROBILUS

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the technical term for a cluster of sporophylls know commonly as a cone, found in most gymnosperms and some seedless vascular plants

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HOMOSPOROUS

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referring to a plant species that has a single kind of spore, which typically develops into a bisexual gametophyte

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STROBILUS

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the technical term for a cluster of sporophylls know commonly as a cone, found in most gymnosperms and some seedless vascular plants

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HOMOSPOROUS

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referring to a plant species that has a single kind of spore, which typically develops into a bisexual gametophyte

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HETEROSPOROUS

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referring to a plant species taht has two kinds of spores: microspores, which develop into male gametophytes and megaspores, which develop into female gametophytes

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MEGASPORE

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a spore from a heterosporous plant species that develops inot a female gametophyte

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HETEROSPOROUS

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referring to a plant species taht has two kinds of spores: microspores, which develop into male gametophytes and megaspores, which develop into female gametophytes

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MICROSPORE

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a spore from a heterosporous plant species that develops into a male gametophyte

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MEGASPORE

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a spore from a heterosporous plant species that develops inot a female gametophyte

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MICROSPORE

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a spore from a heterosporous plant species that develops into a male gametophyte