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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Cell Theory
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A concept of biology: All living things are composed of cells
2) Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things. 3) New cells are produced from existing cells |
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Nucleus
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A large membrance structure that contains the cells genetic material in the form of DNA.
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Eukaryotes
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Cells that contain nuclei. Genetic material is in nucleus. plants, fungi, animals
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Prokaryotes
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Cells that do not contain nuclei. Less complication than eukaryotes. Bacteria
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Organells
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Specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell
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Cytoplasm
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The portion of the cell outside the nucleus
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Nuclear envelope
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Layer of two membranes that surrounds the nucleus of a cell
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Nucleus
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contains nearly all the cell's DNA. In both plants and animals.
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Brain of Cell
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Chromatin
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DNA bounded to protein
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Chromosomes
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Distinct, threadlike structures contain the genetic informaiton that is passed from one generation of cells to the next.
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Nucleolus
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Small, dense region found in the nuclei. Where the ribosomes begin.
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Ribosomes
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small proteins of RNA an dproetin foudn throughout the cytoplasm.
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Endoplasmic Reticulom
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The site where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled along with proteins and other materails that are exported from the cell.
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Golgi apparatus
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Function of the Golgi apparatus is to modify, sort, and package proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or secreation outside the cell.
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Lysosome
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Small, organelles filled with enzymes.
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Vacuoles
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A saclike strucutre in cells that store materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates.
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Mitochondria
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Organelles that convert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds tha tare more convenient for the cell to use.
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Chloroplasts
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Organelles that capture the energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis.
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Cytoskeleton
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A network of protein filaments tha ehlps the cell to maintain its shpae. The cytoskeleton is also involved in movement.
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Centrioles
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Located near the nucleus and help to organize cell divisions
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Cell membrane
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All cells are surrounded by a thin, flexible barrier.
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Cell wall
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A strong supporting laryer around the membrane
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Lipid bilaryer
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The double layered sheet comprising the cell membrane. Cell membrane regulates what enters and leaves the cell and also provides protection and support.
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Concentration
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The concentration of a solution is the mass of solute in a given volue of solution or mass/volume
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Diffusion
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Particles moving from an area where they are more concetrated to an area where they are less ocncentrated
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Equilibrium
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When the concentration of the solute is the same thorughout a system
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Osmosis
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Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
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Isotonic
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When the concentrations of two solutions are the same
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Hypertonic
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When comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater concentration of solutes is hypertonic.
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Hypotonic
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When comparing two solutions, the solution with the weaker concnetration
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Facilitated diffusion
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Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels
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Active Transport
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The movement of cells against a concentration difference.
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Endocytosis
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Process of taking material into the cell by means of infoldings, or pockets of the cell membrane.
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Phagocytosis
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Means "cell eating" Cytoplasm surrounds a particle and takes it into the cell
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Pinocytosis
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Process by which a cell takes in liquid from the surrounding environment
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Exocytosis
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Process by which a cell releases large amounts of material
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Cell specialization
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Cells throughout an organism can develop in different ways to perfom different tasks
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Tissue
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A group of similar cells that performa particular function
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Organ
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Many groups of tissues work together as an organ.
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Organ system
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A group of organs that work together to perform a specific funtion.
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