Biology 2

Front 1

What is required for cellular respiration and what is its products?

Back 1

Glucose and oxygen. CO2, H2O, ATP.

Front 2

What is the concentration of solute in the following:
1. Hypertonic
2. Hypotonic
3. Isotonic

Back 2

1. has a higher concentration of solute
2. has a lower concentration of solute
3. has an equal conventration of solute

Front 3

What are ribosomes responsible for?

Back 3

Protein synthesis

Front 4

What is the interaction called when a substrate fits to the active site and the enzyme changes shape slightly?

Back 4

Induced fit

Front 5

What contains enzymes that transfer hydrogen to water?

Back 5

Peroxisomes

Front 6

What organelle is the manager of the cell?

Back 6

The nucleus

Front 7

What type of energy is chemical energy?

Back 7

Potential energy

Front 8

What is the purpose of smooth ER?

Back 8

Synthesis of lipids and metabolism of carbohydrates.

Front 9

In what part of the mitochondria does electron transport take place?

Back 9

The inner mitochondrial membrane

Front 10

What are the 3 types of cellular work?

Back 10

Mechanical, transport, chemical

Front 11

We call "self-feeder" that make all their own organic matter from inorganic nutrients what?

Back 11

Autotrophs

Front 12

ATP is made up of what?

Back 12

Adenosine and a tail of 3 phosphates

Front 13

What type of metabolism occurs when the demand for oxygen outstrips the body's ability to deliver it?

Back 13

Anaerobic metabolism

Front 14

What is NAD+

Back 14

An electron Acceptor

Front 15

Glycolysis happens where?

Back 15

In the cytosol or cytoplasm

Front 16

Few metabolic reactions occur without the assistance of what?

Back 16

Enzymes

Front 17

The split molecules of glycolysis donate high energy electron to NAD+ forming what?

Back 17

NADH

Front 18

The membranes of cells are composed mostly of what?

Back 18

Lipids and proteins

Front 19

What part of the cell refines, stores and distributes the chemical products of the cell?

Back 19

The golgi apparatus

Front 20

What is the name of the selectively permeable membrane that allows movement in and out of the cell?

Back 20

Plasma membrane

Front 21

What causes the "burn" associated with heavy exercise?

Back 21

Lactic Acid

Front 22

ATP is broken down into what?

Back 22

ADP

Front 23

What one organelle do prokaryotic cells contain?

Back 23

Ribosomes

Front 24

The cytoskeleton is made up of what 2 things?

Back 24

Microtubules and microfilaments

Front 25

How many turns of the Kreb cycle is needed for 1 molecule of glucose?

Back 25

2

Front 26

Name at least 4 of the different functions of proteins within the plasma membrane.

Back 26

Attachment, cellular communication, cellular joining, transport, signaling, enzymatic activity.

Front 27

What is the double membrane around the nucleus called?

Back 27

Nuclear envelope

Front 28

The control of water balance in animals is called what?

Back 28

Osmoregulation

Front 29

Where is the site of cellular respiration?

Back 29

The mitochondria

Front 30

What happens to the active site of an enzyme when the enzyme has been bounded by a non-competitive inhibitor?

Back 30

It changes shape

Front 31

What type of inhibitor binds t the active site of an enzyme?

Back 31

Competitive inhibitor

Front 32

Chemical reactions that transfer electrons from one substance to another are called what?

Back 32

Oxidation-reduction reactions (redox)

Front 33

What is Osmosis

Back 33

The passive transport of water across a selectively permeable membrane

Front 34

What is 1. kinetic energy
2. potential energy?

Back 34

1. energy in motion
2. stored energy

Front 35

What is a chemical process that harvests energy from organic molecules?

Back 35

Cellular respiration

Front 36

What is the endoplasmic reticulum composed of?

Back 36

Smooth and rough ER

Front 37

A cell that lacks internal structures surrounded by membranes is called?

Back 37

Prokaryiotic

Front 38

What is the purpose of flagella?

Back 38

Movement

Front 39

A non-competitive inhibitors binds itself to what part of the enzyme?

Back 39

The allosteric site

Front 40

The phosphorylation of ADP leading to ATP is called?

Back 40

Oxidated phosphorylation

Front 41

What is the difference between exocytosis and endocytosis

Back 41

Exo is the secreting of substances outside the cell and endo is the bringing of substances into the cell

Front 42

What type of transport is diffusion?

Back 42

Passive transport

Front 43

What does the nuclear membrane contain?

Back 43

Chromatin and nucleolus

Front 44

Enzymes are what 4 things?

Back 44

Catalysts, proteins, specific, reusable

Front 45

What does fermentation rely on to produce ATP

Back 45

Glycolysis

Front 46

What do lysosomes contain?

Back 46

Digestive enzymes

Front 47

What is responsible for the modification of proteins, sorting products and releasing them into vesicles?

Back 47

The Golgi

Front 48

In the prep of the kreb cycle pyruvic acid is turned into ? by the loss of ?

Back 48

Acetic Acid
CO2

Front 49

The acceptance of electrons during a redox reaction is called?

Back 49

Reduction

Front 50

What are the two types of enzyme inhibitors?

Back 50

Competitive
non-competitve

Front 51

What do enzymes do?

Back 51

Lower the activation energy for chemical reactions.

Front 52

What goes into the Kreb cycle (4) per turn?

Back 52

Acetic acid
ADP+p
3-NAD+
FADH

Front 53

What will happen to an animal cell in each of these types of solutions;
1. Isotonic
2. Hypotonic
3. Hypertonic

Back 53

1. Normal
2. Burst
3. Shrivel

Front 54

What are the wast products of cellular respiration?

Back 54

CO2, H2O

Front 55

Most ATP is made in what stage of cellular respiration?

Back 55

The 3rd. Electron Transport

Front 56

What causes the "roughness" of rough ER?

Back 56

Ribosomes

Front 57

Where are the chromosomes located?

Back 57

In the nucleus

Front 58

What process takes the energy from the hydrogen ions flow and synthesizes ATP?

Back 58

ATP Synthase

Front 59

What is the starting material of cellular respiration? What is it immediately turned into?

Back 59

Glucose.
2 pyruvic acids

Front 60

Which cycle of cellular respiration completes the breakdown of sugar?

Back 60

Citric acid/ Kreb cycle

Front 61

"other-feeders" that cannot make organic molecules from inorganic ones are called?

Back 61

Heterotrophs

Front 62

Active transport is different from passive transport because ?

Back 62

It requires energy to move across a membrane

Front 63

What type of metabolism occurs when enough oxygen reaches cells to support energy needs?

Back 63

Aerobic metabolism

Front 64

What happens in chloroplasts

Back 64

photosynthesis

Front 65

An anearobic harvest of food energy is called ?

Back 65

Fermentation

Front 66

what is the purpose of the plasma membrane?

Back 66

To separate the living cell from its nonliving surroundings

Front 67

How many phosphate groups does ADP have?

Back 67

2

Front 68

The loss of electrons during a redox reaction is called ?

Back 68

Oxidation

Front 69

What are the products of fermentation? (4)

Back 69

Lactic acid
Ethanol/alcohol
2- ATP
CO2

Front 70

Eukaryiotic cells make on average ? ATP per glucose

Back 70

36

Front 71

FADH=? ATP

Back 71

2

Front 72

Cellular respiration happens in how many stages? name them?

Back 72

3
1. glycolysis
2. citric acid/ kreb
3. Electron transport

Front 73

In plants, this organelle helps with digestion, storage and wast disposal

Back 73

Vacuole

Front 74

What comes out (per turn) of the citric acid cycle?

Back 74

2-CO2
ATP
3-NADH
FADH2

Front 75

The cystoskeleton creates what?

Back 75

The cell shape

Front 76

What helps with the break-down of ingested substances and cell macromolecules?

Back 76

lysosome

Front 77

Substrate phosphorylation happens during what

Back 77

glycolysis

Front 78

Every NADH= ? ATP

Back 78

3

Front 79

Without enough oxygen, muscle cells breakdown ? to produce ?

Back 79

Glucose
Lactic acid

Front 80

Where is ATP made?

Back 80

in the mitochondria

Front 81

What is the sum total of all chemical reactions that occur in organisms called?

Back 81

metabolism

Front 82

The citric acid cycle extracts the energy of sugar by breaking the ? molecules all the way down to ?

Back 82

Acetic Acid
CO2

Front 83

The process of fermentation makes how much ATP?

Back 83

2

Front 84

What 3 things do plant cells have that animal cells do not?

Back 84

Cell wall
chloroplasts
Central vacuole

Front 85

After the rough ER synthesizes molecules it does what

Back 85

packages the molecule into transport vesicles

Front 86

What organelles produces two types of membrane proteins.

Back 86

the rough ER

Front 87

What organelle works in partnership with the ER?

Back 87

The golgi apparatus

Front 88

what is stored in the central vacuole of plants?

Back 88

Water and nutrients

Front 89

What unique feature do mitochondria and choloroplast contain?

Back 89

Their own DNA

Front 90

What type of motion do these two posess?
Flagella and cilia

Back 90

Flagella=whiplike
cilia= back-and-forth motion

Front 91

What are extracellular coats used for?

Back 91

communication

Front 92

In diffusion where do the molecules move to

Back 92

available space

Front 93

What is the transport of some substances by specific transport proteins that act as selective corridors

Back 93

Facilitated