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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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water is moved by ****, which forces water from the capillary blood vessels into the spaces between the cells of the surroundings tissues.
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Diffusion
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The diffusion of water in a direction that equalizes the concentration of dissolved substances on either side of a membrane best defines which of the following terms?
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Osmosis
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Water provides ****kcal of energy per gram?
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4
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What is not a funciton of water in the human body?
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Regulates blood glucose.
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The chemical reactions of metabolism that support life take place in water?
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Water is an excellent solvent.
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Name an example in its role as protection, water resists compression, allowing it to cushion joints and othe parts of the body against shock.
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The cushioning effect of water in teh amniotic sac protects the fetus as it grows inside the uterus.
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Who sets standards for municipal water systems making tap water similarly safe as bottled water?
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The Environmental Protection Agency
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What percentage of the bottled water sold in the US is the same water that comes from local municipal water supplies or "tap" water?
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25%
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Name one fact about thirst?
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This is a weak urge, which does not reflect our need for water.
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Urine color charts help people monitor their ****** status.
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Hydration
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Reabsorption means...
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the amount of substance that is absorbed back in to the blood after being filtered.
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If ADH levels decrease, you would expect that:
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Less water is excreted in the urine.
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How are major minerals defined?
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Needed in the diet in amounts greater than 100 miligrams per day.
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In general, minerals in plant foods have absorption rate that is ******** that in animal foods.
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Lower than.
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Phytic acid, tannins, and oxalates ********* the absorption of many minerals.
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Decrease
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A woman of childbearing age who is not pregnant has ******* aborption rate of calcium as compared to a woman who is pregnant.
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The same
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What are the functions of magnesium except:
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Keeps blood healthy
Needed to generate energy for excersie. Helps regulate fluid balance. |
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Which minerals help regulate fluid balance?
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Sodium, potassium, and chloride.
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Which minerals keep blood healthy and immune function strong?
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Iron, Copper, Calcium, Zinc, Selenium, and Magnesium
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Diets that are high in ********* are associated with an increased incidence of hypertension.
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Salt
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Which mineralsa re needed for functioning of antioxidant enzymes?
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Zinc, Phosphorus, Copper
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What occurs when a cofactor binds to an enzyme?
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The enzyme is activated.
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Outward symptom of hypertension:
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Migraine Headache
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A healthy blood pressure is ******** mm of mercury?
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120/80
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A goiter occurs as a result of deficiency of:
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Iodine
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The protein molecule that is found in red blood cells that transport oxygen to body cells:
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hemoglobin
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What is the correct sequence that occurs with the development of iron deficiency anemia?
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Decrease in stored iron>Low hemoglobin>low blood plasma iron
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The obesity rate for minorities, including African Americans and Mexican Americans is ******* the obesity rate of the general population.
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Greater than.
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Have excess body fat increases a person's risk of developing:
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Heart Disease and gallbladder disease and Arthritis
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A BMI of 26.5 kg/m2..would be classified as being:
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OVERWEIGHT
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5'4 inches tall and weight is 135 pounds..the BMI is closest to ******* kg/m2
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23
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For most people, the majority of their total energy expenditure is from:
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Physical activity
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What are physiological signals tha ttell you when you are satiated.
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Food in the stomach that causes the stomach to stretch.
Increase in blood glucose level The presence of nutrients in the intestine. |
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Leptin is produced by what cells of the body?
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Adipocytes (fat cells)
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According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, for those who need to lose weight or have lost weight and want to keep it off, ********* minutes of medium exercise per day is necessary?
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60 minutes.
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The most common eating disorder is:
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Binge-eating Disorder
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Sleep disorder and menstrual are associated with what?
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Obesed Conditions
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Leptin is better at preventing what?
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Weight loss
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What food group in MYPYRAMID is the poorest source of vitamin D?
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Meat and beans
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In MYPYRAMID what food sources are not good sources of vitamin B12?
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Fruits
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If the diet is chronically low in fat souble vitamins, teh bioavailability of which vitamins will be impacted most?
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Vitamins A, D, E, K
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The symptoms of vitamin C deficiency include gums that swell and bleed. Why does this occur?
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There is reduced collagen synthesis.
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Collagen is a *********. Vitamin C is neccessary to form ******** that hold adjacent collagen strands together and give the protein ********.
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Protein, bonds, strength
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Vitamin E protects membranes in red blood cells, white blood cells, nerve cells and lung cells. Why are these cells in particular in need of high amounts of vitamin E?
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Oxygen concentrations in these cells are high.
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In its role, as an antioxidant, this vitamin guards cell membrane, body proteins, DNA, and cholesterol and thus helps prevent heart disease, cancer, mascular degeneration, and oher chronic diseases.
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Vitamin E
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Vitamin D deficiency disease in children:
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Rickets
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Active ********* is required to maintain normal blood calcium and phosphorus levels.
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Vitamin D
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Cells that are deficient in Vitamin A become hard and dry because they produce this protein:
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Keratin
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With a deficiency of this vitamin, even a bruise or small scratch could cause you to bleed to death:
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Vitamin K
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Vitamin *** is important for amino acid synthesis and protein metabolism.
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B6
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The best way to ensure that you meet your nutrient needs without taking a dietary supplement is to:
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eat a variet of foods.
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Women of chidbearing age should consume ******* daily from fortified foods or supplements.
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Folic Acid
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Dietary supplements have regulations that are ********* strict as compared to drugs.
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Less
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The amount of particular vitamin in a food depends on:
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What is added..
How its cooked... How its stored... |
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Who approves the safety and effectiveness of supplements before they are marketed?
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FDA
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Vegetable oils, such as peanut, cotton, and corn oils are good sources of VITAMIN?
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Vitamin E.
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What are the best food sources for folate and vitamin B12?
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Fruits and vegetables
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Smokers have higher ****** needs than non smokers?
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VITAMIN C
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Who approves the safety and effectivness of supplements before they are marketed?
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FDA
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