Biology 161 Energy & Cellular Respiration

Front 1

Metabolic Pathways

Back 1

+ Series of chemical reactions
+ Regulated by enzymes

Front 2

Metabolism

Back 2

The sum of all chemical reactions within an organism

Front 3

Metabolism evolved incermentally (in layers)

Back 3

Simple reactions
Simple + simple reactions

Front 4

A-B-C-D-E

Back 4

Linear

Front 5

F
I G
H

Back 5

Cyclic

Front 6

K J

N M L

Back 6

Branching

Front 7

A->B->C->D
E E E
1 2 3

Back 7

Functional

Front 8

Enzymes are..

Back 8

Specific

Front 9

Examples of Biological Work

Back 9

Movement, respiration, circulation.

Front 10

Biological work requires...

Back 10

Energy

Front 11

Organisms carry out conversions between _____ & _____ energy.

Back 11

Potential and Kinetic

Front 12

Potential Energy

Back 12

Stored, in chemical bonds

Front 13

Kinetic Energy

Back 13

Motion

Front 14

ATP is the ______ of cells

Back 14

Energy Currency

Front 15

Adenine Triphosphate

Back 15

ATP

Front 16

Cells _____ package chemical energy within ATP

Back 16

Temporary

Front 17

ATP has Three main Parts:

Back 17

Sugar

Nitorgenous Base (adenine)

3 Phosphate groups

Front 18

ATP is produced during _______.

Back 18

Cellular Respiration

Front 19

3 main Stages of Cellular Respiration

Back 19

+Glycosis

+ Kreb's Cycle

+ Electron Transport

Front 20

Tricarboxylic Acid
Citric acid cycle
Krebs Cycle

Back 20

All the same thing.

Front 21

______ is required to preform other chemical reactions

Back 21

Energy Transfer

Front 22

ATP Donate (_____), energy through the transfer of a phosphate grpup.

Back 22

Releases

Front 23

Phosphorylation

Back 23

Transfer of phosphate group to an organic molecule. (regulation)

Front 24

Cells maintain a ____ ratio of ATP to ADP

Back 24

High

Front 25

Ratio of ATP to ADP

Back 25

10:1

Front 26

ATP Can not be _______.

Back 26

Stockpiled

Front 27

Cells do not store ___.

Back 27

ATP

Front 28

Enzymes are chemical ________.

Back 28

Regulators

Front 29

Globular Protein

Back 29

Enzymes

Front 30

Catalyst

Back 30

Enzymes that speed up chemical reactions but are not used up themselves.

Front 31

Catalyst _____ activation energy.

Back 31

Lowers

Front 32

An enzyme operates on a _______ by forming new chemical bonds.

Back 32

Substrate

Front 33

Enzymes are ______ regulators.

Back 33

Chemical

Front 34

Enzymes allow for ______ control

Back 34

Chemical

Front 35

" turns biochemical pathways on and off "

Back 35

Phosphorylation

Front 36

Substrat complex requires ______.

Back 36

Enzyme.

Front 37

Active Site

Back 37

Three dimensional region where substrate binds.

Front 38

An _______ must have an Active Site.

Back 38

Enzyme.

Front 39

Induced Fit Theory.

Back 39

+Active site is not rigid

+Changes shape when
substrate binds

+ Product is then released

Front 40

Nomenclature "ase" =

Back 40

Enzyme

Front 41

Oxidoreductase

Back 41

Carryout oxidation reduction reactions.

Front 42

Hydrolase

Back 42

Hydrolysis of chemical bonds (protein)

Front 43

Lipase

Back 43

Work on lipids

Front 44

Ligase

Back 44

Put molecules together (DNA)

Front 45

Most Enzymes require ______.

Back 45

Cofactors.

Front 46

Inorganic cofactors include..

Back 46

metals such as Mg,Zn & Cu.

Front 47

Organic cofactors are...

Back 47

not protein, NADH & FADH2

Front 48

Enzymes require _____ conditions

Back 48

optimal

Front 49

Temperature affects _______ activity.

Back 49

Enzymes

Front 50

High Temperature _______ protein.

Back 50

Denatures

Front 51

PH affects ______ activity.

Back 51

enzyme

Front 52

Extremes in PH ______ protein.

Back 52

Denatures

Front 53

Enzymes can be _______ by certain chemical reagents.

Back 53

Inhibited.

Front 54

Competitive inhibition

Back 54

Molecule is structurally similar to the substrate.

Front 55

______ binds to active site.

Back 55

enzymes

Front 56

Cells convert ______ ______ to a usuable form of ATP

Back 56

nutrient molecules

Front 57

Site of oxidative phosphorylation; where cell makes most of its ATP

Back 57

Mitochondria

Front 58

Anabolism

Back 58

Simpler substances are combined to form more complex substances.

Front 59

Catabolism

Back 59

Complex substances broken down to form simpler substances.

Front 60

Cells use _____ reactions to extract energy from nutrients.

Back 60

Redox

Front 61

Oxidation - Reduction Reactions

Back 61

The transfer of electrons from one molecule to another.

Front 62

Aerobic respiration

Back 62

Cells require oxygen to complete chemical reactions.

Front 63

Anaerobic respiration

Back 63

Cells do not require oxygen to complete chemical reactions

Front 64

Aerobic Respiration has 4 stages...

Back 64

1 ) Glycosis (primitive)

2) Formation of Acetyl CoA

3) Citric Acid Cycle (Kreb's)

4) Electron Transport

Front 65

Glycosis

Back 65

Ten step process

Front 66

Glycosis in an anerobic organism

Back 66

Pyruvate --> ethnoal (yeast)

Front 67

Formation of Acetyl CoA

Back 67

Cells convert pyruvate into acetyl CoA

Produces small amount of NADH

Front 68

Kreb's Cycle

Back 68

Acetly CoA enters

occurs in mitochondria

Front 69

Electron Transport

Back 69

Aslo called chemiosmosis