Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Four main classes of Organic molecules
|
carbohydrates
nucleic acids proteins lipids |
|
Biological molecules
|
typically large molecules constructed from smaller subunits
|
|
Another name for biological molecules
|
macromolecules
|
|
monomer
|
single subunit
|
|
polymer
|
made up of many repeated single subunits or monomers
|
|
Dehydration Synthesis
|
monomers form bonds to make polymers by removing one water molecule
|
|
Hydrolysis
|
occurs when large polymers are broken down by adding a water molecule
|
|
Carbohydrates
|
group of compounds containing Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen
|
|
what is the general chemical formula for carbohydrates
|
(CH2O)n (n stands for the number of carbon molecules)
|
|
How to carbohydrates create energy
|
when C-H bonds oxidize they release energy
|
|
oxidation
|
breaking of bonds
|
|
monosaccharide
|
simplest carbohydrate (single sugar)
*Have as few as 3 carbons present |
|
how many carbons to the monosaccharides contain that store the most energy?
|
6 carbons
|
|
what is the form of a 6 carbon monosaccharide?
|
chain, but in aqueous solution they form a ring
|
|
5-carbon sugars
|
make up the nucleic acids, RNA and DNA
|
|
Carbohydrates may be linked to lipids and proteins
|
these links mediate cell to cell interactions or recognition and adhesion between cells
|
|
Glucose
|
most important monosaccharide used for energy storage
*Depending where the C=OH group occurs glucose can exist as an alpha or beta form |
|
Fructose
|
structural isomer
|
|
how does fructose differ from glucose?
|
in the position of the carbonyl carbon (C=O)
|
|
carbonyl carbon
|
C=O
|
|
galactose
|
stereoisomer
|
|
how does galactose differ form glucose?
|
position of the OH and H groups relative to the carbon ring
|
|
what difference does the different bonding patterns make?
|
fructose tastes much sweeter than glucose
arrangement of monomer makes a difference in what polymer is formed |
|
Disaccharides
|
serve as transport sugars within organisms
*made of two monosaccharides bonded together as a result of dehydration synthesis |
|
sucrose
|
a disaccharide that is found in tree sap
|
|
how is sucrose used?
|
main sugar used to sweeten foods,soft drinks, and pastries
|
|
lactose
|
disaccharide referred to as milk sugar
|
|
lactase
|
enzyme responsible for lactose digestion
|
|
lactose intolerant
|
not being able to digest milk products
|