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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Stroma
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fluid w/in a chloroplast that contains enzymes involved in the synthesis of carbs during photosynthesis
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granum
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stack of chlorophyll containing thylakoids in chloroplast
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matrix
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the inner fluid-filled space in the mitochondria. Contains DNA, ribosomes, and enzymes that break down carb products, releasing energy to used for ATP production
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cristae
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provides a greater surface area to accommodate the protein complexes and other participants that produce ATP. Formed by folding of inner membrane of mitochondria
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cytoskeleton
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internal framework of the cell, consisting of microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments. Maintains cell shape and allows cell and organelles to move
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motor molecules
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proteins that can attach, detach, and reattach farther along an actin filament
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centrosome
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central microtubule organizing center of cells. In animal cells, it contains two centrioles
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centrioles
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short cylinders with a 9 + 0 pattern of microtubule triplets. may be involved in microtubule formation
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cilium
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have a 9+2 pattern of microtubules. Enables some cells to move. Hairlike projections (move in an undulating fashion or like an oar
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polyribosomes
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several ribosomes associated simultaneously with a single mRNA molecule
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Vesicles
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small, membrane-bounded sac that stores substances w/in a cell. Transports products from the ER to the Golgi Apparatus
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Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
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membranous system of tubules, vesicles, and sacs in cells, sometimes having attached ribosomes. Rough ER has ribosomes. Physically continous w/ nuclear envelope.
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nuclear pores
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Pores on the nuclear envelope that proteins to pass into the nucleus and ribosomal subunits to pass out.
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Eukaryotic cells
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type of cell that has a membrane-bounded nucleus and organelles
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nucleus
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w/in eukaryotic cell. contains chromosomes and controls structure and function of the cell
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Chromatin
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consists of DNA and associated proteins
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Chromosomes
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rod like structure in the nucleus seen during cell division; contains genes
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secretion
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secretroy vesicles proceed to the plasma membrane, where they discharge their contents
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nucleoplasm
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semifluid medium of the nucleus containing chromatin
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nucleolus
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dark-staining, spherical body in the nucleus that produces ribosomal subunits (RNA)
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nuclear envelop
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double membrane that separates cytoplasm from the nucleus
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lysosomes
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membrane-bounded vesicles produced by the Golgi Apparatus. contains hydrolytic digestive enzymes
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vacuole
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a large membranous sac. More prominnet in plant cells. store substances. larger than vesicles
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peroxisomes
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membrane-bounded vesicles that enclose enzymes. enzyme-filled vesicle in which fatty acids and amino acids are metabolized to hydrogen peroxide that is then broken down to harmless products
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chloroplasts
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uses solar energy to synthesize carbohydrates. contains chlorophyll. site of photosynthesis
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mitochondrion
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where ATP molecules are produced during the process of cellular respiration
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photosynthesis
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process by which plants and algae make their own food using the energy of the sun. solar energy + carbon dioxide -> carbohydrate + oxygen
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cellular respiration
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the process by which the chemical energy of the carbohydrates is converted to that of ATP (energy carrier). carb + O -> carbon dioxide + water + energy
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Organelles
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a small, often membranous structure in the cytoplasm having a specific structure and function
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cell theory
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states that all organisms are made up of the basic living units called cells and that all cells come only from previously existing cells
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Plasma membrane
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a living boundary that separates the living contents of the cell from the nonliving surrounding environment. regulates entrance and exit of the molecules in and out of the cytoplasm
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cytoplasm
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the contents of a cell b/w the nucleus and the plasma membrane that contains the organelles
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prokaryotic cells
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a cell that lacks a membrane-bounded nucleus.
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cell wall
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structure that surrounds a plant, protistan, fungal, or bacteria cell and maintains the cell's shape and rigidity
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Golgi apparatus
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pancakes. collects, sorts, packages, and distributes materials. involved in formation of lysosomes.
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Capsule/Slime layer
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gelatinous layer surrounding the cell wall of some bacteria
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flagellum
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long, thin appendages located on some bacteria. rotating. pushes cell forward.
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frimbriae
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short appendages on some bacteria that help them attach to an appropriate surface
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nucleoid
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region of prokaryotic cells where DNA is located. not bounded by a membrane
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plasmids
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small accessory rings of DNA found in many prokaryotes
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ribosomes
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site of protein synthesis
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thylakoids
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flattened disk where light-dependent reactions of photosytheses occer.
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