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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the four layers of the GI tract |
1) Mucosa 2) Submucosa 3) Muscularis Externa - smooth muscle 4) Serosa - visceral peritonium |
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What enzyme is found in saliva and what does it chemically digest |
- Salivary amylase - Chemically digests carbohydrates |
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What are the glands that make gastric juice |
Gastric Glands: - mucous - parietal - chief - enteroendocrine |
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What do mucous cells secrete |
Thick alkaline HCO -3 |
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What do parietal cells secrete |
HCL and Intrisic factor |
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What do chief cells secrete |
Pepsinogen and gastric lipase |
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What do enteroendocrine cells secrete |
hormones |
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What is the significance of the muscous + bicarb layer in the stomach |
The mucous layer has thick mucous and lots of bicarbonate that nuetralizes the acid and protects the lining of the stomach from the acid juices |
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What enzymes are secreted by the small intestine |
Enterokinase - actives trypsin in pancrease |
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What hormones are secreted by the small intestine |
Intestinal hormones: - CCK or cholecystokinin - Secretin |
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What is found on top of the villi in the small intestine |
- blood vessels and lacteal - Brush border enzymes: - Peptidases (proteins) - disaccharidases (carbs) - nucleosidases(nucleic acids) |
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What is the difference between the acinarcells and the duct cells of the pancreas?
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Acinarcellssecrete enzymes into duodenum to aid in chemical digestion
Ductcellssecretes bicarbonate (HCO3-)into duodeum toaid in neutralizing acidic chyme |
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List one enzyme secreted by the pancreasinvolved in protein digestion
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▪Trypsinogen - trypsin
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List the enzymes secreted by the pancreasinvolved in carbohydrate, lipid, and nucleic acid digestion
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Carbohydratebreakdown▪Pancreatic amylase Lipid(fat) breakdown▪Pancreatic lipase
NucelicAcid breakdown▪Pancreatic nucleases |
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What type of cells make up the liver?
Whatdo those cells produce? |
hepatocytes
- makes bile |
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What is the function of bile salts?
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emulsify fats (turn large fat dropletsinto smaller fat droplets)
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What is the stimulus for bile release?
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The release of CCK |
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What is the name of the macrophages foundin the liver?
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Stellate (hepatic) macrophages
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What makes up the portal triad?
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Arteriole(Hepatic artery branch)
Venule(Hepatic portal vein branch) Bileduct (transports bile) |
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Listthe different epithelia found along the GI tract starting from the mouth
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Mouth - Stratified squamousepithelium
Pharynx - Stratified squamousepithelium Esophagus - Stratified squamousepithelium Stomach - Simple columnar epithelium SI - Simple columnar epithelium LI - Simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells Rectum - Simple columnar epithelium AnalCanal - Stratified squamousepithelim |
