Biology 121 Final

Front 1

Which of the following organisms have prokaryotic cells?

A. Plants

B. Fungi

C. Bacteria

D. Animals

Back 1

C. Bacteria

Front 2

Which of the following is a false regarding prokaryotic cells?

A. Have Cell Walls

B. Have Ribosomes

C. Have Circular DNA

D. Have internal membranes

E. Are smaller than eukaryote cells

Back 2

D. Have internal membranes

Front 3

Which component of the cytoskeleton is involved in moving the chromosomes and also in the structure of cilia and flagella?

Back 3

Microtubules

Front 4

Which characteristic is most likely to impose an upper limit on the size of individual cells?

A. Length

B. Surface Area

C. Volume

D. Surface Area/Volume

E. Length/Volume

Back 4

D. Surface area/Volume

Front 5

Which of the following is present in chloroplasts and is evidence of their origin as symbiotic prokaryotic cells?

A. Flagella

B. Cell Wall

C. Mitochondria

D. Circular DNA

Back 5

D. Circular DNA

Front 6

Which of the following is part of animal cell membranes?

A. Phospholipids

B. Proteins

C. Glycoproteins

D. Cholesterol

E. All of the above

Back 6

E. All of the above

Front 7

Water moves by osmosis toward:

A. higher solute concentration

B. Lower water concentration

C. lower solute concentration

D. Both A & B

Back 7

D. Both A&B

Front 8

Metabolic energy in the form of ATP is not required for:

A. pinocytosis

B. active transport

C. endocytosis

D. facilitated diffusion

Back 8

D. Facilitated Diffusion

Front 9

Which transport process would bring specific molecules selectively into membrane vesicles within the cell?

A. Diffusion

B. pinocytosis

C. active transport

D. facilitated diffusion

E. receptor-mediated endocytosis

Back 9

E. Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis

Front 10

The Na-K (sodium-potassium) pump in the cell membrane causes:

A. lowered internal Na concentration

B. elevated internal K concentration

C. negative voltage inside

D. All of the above

Back 10

D. All of the above

Front 11

Couples rotation and phosphorylation

Back 11

ATP Synthase

Front 12

Participates in energy-requiring chemical pathways

Back 12

ATP

Front 13

A measure of attraction for shared electrons

Back 13

Electronegativity

Front 14

Reduces the electron transport chain

Back 14

NADH

Front 15

Creates a pH gradient across the inner mt membrane

Back 15

Electron Transport Chain

Front 16

Oxidizes the electron transport chain

Back 16

Oxygen

Front 17

A product of glycolysis

Back 17

Pyruvate

Front 18

Can be measured as ATP per glucose

Back 18

Efficiency

Front 19

Can be measured as ATP per second

Back 19

Power

Front 20

Removes Pyruvate

Back 20

Fermentation

Front 21

Receives 2-carbon fragments from acetyl coenzyme A

Back 21

Krebs Cycle

Front 22

In aerobic respiration, most ATP is produced in the mitochondria

Back 22

True

Front 23

Anaerobic glycolysis and fermentation has greater potential power than aerobic respiration

Back 23

True

Front 24

Aerobic respiration is more efficient than anaerobic glycolysis and fermentation

Back 24

True

Front 25

Cyanide is poisonous because it prevents fermentation

Back 25

False

Front 26

The enzymes of Kreb's cycle are localized on the outer mitochondrial membrane

Back 26

False

Front 27

Only glucose can be used as fuel for aerobic metabolism

Back 27

False

Front 28

Kreb's Cycle is called a cycle because the last product is also the first reactant

Back 28

True

Front 29

Most of the ATP used by aerobic cells comes from ATP synthase

Back 29

"Dark Meat" is dark because of mitochondria

Front 30

The net products of the respiration of carbohydrates are water and CO2

Back 30

True

Front 31

Light reactions of photosynthesis release oxygen from water

Back 31

True

Front 32

Plants have mitochondria

Back 32

True

Front 33

Photosynthesis uses hydrogen from water and CO2 from air to make carbohydrate

Back 33

True

Front 34

Respiration uses oxygen from air and hydrogen from food to make water

Back 34

True

Front 35

"Algae" refers to photosynthetic prokaryotes and eukaryotes that live in water

Back 35

True

Front 36

Both mitochondria and chloroplasts use ATP synthase to phosphorylate ATP

Back 36

True

Front 37

Rubisco is used by both C3 and C4

Back 37

True

Front 38

C4 plants use PEP carboxylase to capture CO2 before the Calvin Cycle

Back 38

True

Front 39

Green light is the light that is used to power photosynthesis

Back 39

False

Front 40

A pigment is a molecule that absorbs some wavelengths and reflects others

Back 40

True

Front 41

Longer wavelengths of light have more energy per quantum

Back 41

False

Front 42

Scientists have not yet successfully used DNA to store non-genetic information

Back 42

False

Front 43

More than 90% of the DNA sequence is not preserved by natural selection

Back 43

True

Front 44

About 10% of the DNA codes for protein

Back 44

True

Front 45

Bit in digital computers are analogous to nucleotides in nucleic acids

Back 45

True

Front 46

The genetic code links groups of 4 nucleotides with amino acids

Back 46

False

Front 47

Ribosomes carry out replication and transcription

Back 47

True

Front 48

The prokaryote genetic code has fewer codons than that used by eukaryotes

Back 48

False

Front 49

Biotechnology involves modifying and transferring genetic information

Back 49

True

Front 50

There are several codons for most amino acids

Back 50

True

Front 51

Spliceosome

Back 51

Edits RNA transcript

Front 52

RNA Polymerase

Back 52

Carries out transcription

Front 53

Helicase

Back 53

Separates the DNA strands

Front 54

Ligase

Back 54

Connects the sugar-phosphate chain

Front 55

Okasaki Fragments

Back 55

Transcribed from lagging strand

Front 56

Telomerase

Back 56

Active in germline and cancer cells

Front 57

Telomere

Back 57

Protects the ends of chromosome DNA

Front 58

Exon

Back 58

Included in edited mRNA

Front 59

AA-tRNA synthetase

Back 59

Binds amino acid and tRNA

Front 60

Intron

Back 60

Left on the cutting room floor

Front 61

Anticodon

Back 61

Part of tRNA

Front 62

Meiosis

The 4 resulting cells are called gametes and their purpose is to undergo fertilization

Back 62

True

Front 63

As a result of mitosis:

A. One diploid cell becomes 2 diploid cells

B. One haploid cell becomes 2 haploid cells

C. One haploid cell becomes 3 haploid cells

D. Both A and B

Back 63

D. Both A and B

Front 64

Which of the following events creates a diploid cell from two haploid cells?

A. Mitosis

B. Meiosis

C. Fertilization

D. Both B and C

Back 64

Fertilization

Front 65

Replication of the DNA results in pairs of

A. Homologous Chromosomes

B. Sister Chromatids

C. Daughter Chromosomes

D. Designer Genes

Back 65

A. Homologous chromosomes

Front 66

The phenotype of an organism is determined by its:

A. genotype

B. environment

C. Both A and B

Back 66

C. Both A and B

Front 67

Cloning, budding, fragmentation, and parthenogenesis are all forms of

A. Mutation

B. Cell Division

C. Gene Expression

D. Asexual Reproduction

E. Genetic Recombination

Back 67

D. Asexual Reproduction

Front 68

A genetic mutation usually results from an error in:

A. Replication

B. Glycolysis

C. Transcription

D. Translation

E. Judgement

Back 68

A. Replication

Front 69

The multicellular diploid life-cycle stage of a flowering plant is called the:

A. Gametophyte

B. Sporophyte

C. Pollen

D. Egg Sac

E. Seed

Back 69

B. Sporophyte

Front 70

Krogh's rule states that:

A. Each problem has an ideal species for study

B. Cell only divide about 12 times in culture

C. Dominant genes are always expressed

D. Gene loci assort independently

E. Only the crude fry dung

Back 70

A. Each problem has an ideal species for study

Front 71

Mendel studied peas because he:

A. Wanted to understand heredity

B. Found pea plants convenient for study

C. Could cause self-fertilization in peas

D. Found several heritable variations for study

E. All of the above

Back 71

E. All of the above

Front 72

A gene with multiple effects on the phenotype is said to be:

A. Epistatic

B. Pleiotropic

C. Polygenic

D. Heterozygous

E. Homozygous

Back 72

B. Pleiotropic

Front 73

An individual with identical DNA sequences at a locus on each member of a homologous pair of chromosomes is described as:

A. Epistatic

B. Pleiotropic

C. Polygenic

D. Heterozygous

E. Homozygous

Back 73

E. Homozygous

Front 74

Physical differences among individuals of the same sex are largely the result of their having different:

A. Numbers of chromosomes

B. Numbers of genes

C. Numbers of loci

D. Alleles at some loci

Back 74

D. Alleles at some loci

Front 75

The expected phenotypic result of a cross between two heterozygous individuals bearing a dominant and recessive allele is:

A. 3:1 dominant:recessive

B. 3:1 recessive:dominant

C. All dominant

D. All recessive

Back 75

A. 3:1 dominant:recessive

Front 76

Mendel could be certain that the parents of a pea had identical genes by:

A. Using plants with the same phenotypes

B. Using plants with different phenotypes

C. Allowing a plant to self-fertilize

D. Examining the gene banding patterns

E. Comparing gene nucleotide sequences

Back 76

C. Allowing the plant to self-fertilize

Front 77

The expected offspring phenotypes from a cross between a homozygous dominant individual and a homozygous recessive individual is:

A. 3:1 dominant:recessive

B. 3:1 recessive:dominant

C. All dominant

D. All recessive

Back 77

C. All dominant

Front 78

Assuming that the probability of guessing one question correctly is .5, what is the probability of guessing two questions correctly?

A. 2

B. 1

C. 0.25

D. 0.1125

E. 0.0625

Back 78

C. 0.25

Front 79

Which of the following combinations parental and offspring ABO blood group phenotypes is not possible?

A. Parents A & B; Child: O

B. Parents A & AB; Child B

C. Parents O & AB; Child B

D. Parents: O & O; Child AB

Back 79

D. Parents: O & O; Child AB

Front 80

If a new allele is to be passed on to the next generation, it must be present in a(n):

A. Intron

B. Gamete

C. Somatic cell

D. Alu element

Back 80

B. Gamete

Front 81

The tendency of two genes on the same chromosome to be inherited together (linkage) is:

A. Increased by crossing over

B. Reduced by crossing over

C. Less if they are far apart

D. B&C

E. A&C

Back 81

D. B and C