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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which term most precisely describes the cellular process of breaking down large molecules into smaller ones?
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catabolism
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Which of the following is a statement of the first law of thermodynamics
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Energy cannot be created or destroyed
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For living organisms, which of the following is an important consequence of the first law of thermodynamics
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The organism ultimately must obtain all of the necessary energy for life from its environment
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Whenever energy is transformed, there is always an increase in the
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entropy of the universe
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Which of the following statements is a logical consequence of the second law of thermodynamics
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Every chemical reaction must increase the total entropy of the universe
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Which of the following types of reactions would decrease the entropy within a cell?
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dehydration reactions
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Which of the following is an example of potential rather than kinetic energy
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food molecule made up of energy-rich macromolecules
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Which of the following is true for all exergonic reactions
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The reaction proceeds with a net release of free energy
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Why is ATP an important molecule in metabolism
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It provides energy coupling between exergonic and endergonic reactions
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Which of the following is most similar in structure to ATP?
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an RNA nucleotide
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What term is used to describe the transfer of free energy from catabolic pathways to anabolic pathways?
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energy coupling
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Which of the following statements is true concerning catabolic pathways
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They are usually coupled with anabolic pathways to which they supplyenergy in the form of ATP.
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When ATP releases some energy, it also releases inorganic phosphate. What purpose does this serve (if any) in the cell
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It can be added to other molecules in order to activate them
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Which of the following statements is (are) true about enzyme-catalyzed reactions
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The reaction is faster than the same reaction in the absence of the enzyme
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Sucrose is a disaccharide, composed of the monosaccharides glucose and fructose. The hydrolysis of sucrose by the enzyme sucrase results in
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breaking the bond between glucose and fructose and forming new bonds from the atoms of water.
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The active site of an enzyme is the region that
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is involved in the catalytic reactionof the enzyme
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According to the induced fit hypothesis of enzyme catalysis, which of the following is correct?
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The binding of the substrate changes the shape of the enzyme's active site.
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Increasing the substrate concentration in an enzymatic reaction could overcome which of the following
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competitive inhibition
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Competitive inhibitors block the entry of substrate into the active site of an enzyme. On which of the following properties of an active site does this primarily depend?
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the ability of an enzyme to form a template for holding and joining molecules
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Which of the following is likely to lead to an increase in the concentration of ATP in a cell?
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an increase in a cell's catabolic activity
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How does a noncompetitive inhibitor decrease the rate of an enzyme reaction
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by changing the shape of a reactant
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A series of enzymes catalyze the reaction X Y Z A. Product A binds to the enzyme that converts X to Y at a position remote from its active site. This binding decreases the activity of the enzyme.
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a substrate
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The mechanism in which the end product of a metabolic pathway inhibits an earlier step in the pathway is known as
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feedback inhibition.
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An important group of peripheral membrane proteins are enzymes, such as the
phospholipases that attack the head groups of phospholipids leading to the degradation of damaged membranes. What properties must these enzymes exhibit |
water solubility
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Most cells cannot harness heat to perform work because
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temperature is usually uniform throughout a cell
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If an enzyme is added to a solution where its substrate and product are in equilibrium, what would occur?
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Nothing; the reaction would stay at equilibrium
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