Biology 121 Chapter 6

Front 1

When biologists wish to study the internal ultrastructure of cells, they most likely would use

Back 1

transmission electronic microscope

Front 2

The advantage of light microscopy over electron microscopy is that

Back 2

light microscopy allows one to view dynamic processes in living cells

Front 3

A primary objective of cell fractionation is to

Back 3

separate the major organelles so that their particular functions can be determined

Front 4

Which of the following correctly lists the order in which cellular components will be found in the pellet when homogenized cells are treated with increasingly rapid spins in a centrifuge

Back 4

nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes

Front 5

All of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell except

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an endoplasmic reticulum

Front 6

The volume enclosed by the plasma membrane of plant cells is often much larger than the corresponding volume in animal cells. The most reasonable explanation for this observation is that

Back 6

plant cells contain a large vacuole that reduces the volume of the cytoplasm

Front 7

Under which of the following conditions would you expect to find a cell with a predominance of free ribosomes?

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a cell that is producing cytoplasmic enzymes

Front 8

Which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins that may be exported from the cell?

Back 8

rough ER

Front 9

The fact that the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope has bound ribosomes allows one to most reliably conclude that

Back 9

at least some of the proteins that function in the nuclear envelope are made by the ribosomes on the nuclear envelope

Front 10

The difference in lipid and protein composition between the membranes of the endomembrane system is largely determined by

Back 10

the function of the Golgi apparatus in sorting membrane components

Front 11

Which of the following statements correctly describes some aspect of protein disposal from prokaryotic cells?

Back 11

Proteins that are excreted by prokaryotes are synthesized on ribosomes that are bound to the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane.

Front 12

Tay-Sachs disease is a human genetic abnormality that results in cells accumulating and becoming clogged with very large and complex lipids. Which cellular organelle must be involved in this condition?

Back 12

lysosome

Front 13

The liver is involved in detoxification of many poisons and drugs. Which of the following structures is primarily involved in this process and therefore abundant in liver cells?

Back 13

smooth ER

Front 14

Which of the following produces and modifies polysaccharides that will be secreted?

Back 14

Golgi apparatus

Front 15

Which of the following contains hydrolytic enzymes?

Back 15

lysosome

Front 16

Which is one of the main energy transformers of cells?

Back 16

mitochondrion

Front 17

Which of the following contains its own DNA and ribosomes

Back 17

mitochondrion

Front 18

Which of the following contains enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen

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peroxisome

Front 19

Grana, thylakoids, and stroma are all components found in

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chloroplasts

Front 20

Organelles other than the nucleus that contain DNA include

Back 20

mitochondria and chloroplasts

Front 21

The chemical reactions involved in respiration are virtually identical between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. In eukaryotic cells, ATP is synthesized primarily on the inner membrane of the mitochondria. Where are the corresponding reactions likely to occur in prokaryotic respiration?

Back 21

on the inner plasma membrane

Front 22

A cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a cell from

Back 22

a plant or an animal

Front 23

Why isn't the mitochondrion classified as part of the endomembrane system?

Back 23

Its structure is not derived from the ER.

Front 24

Motor proteins provide for molecular motion in cells by interacting with what types of cellular structures

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cytoskeletons

Front 25

Cells can be described as having a cytoskeleton of internal structures that contribute to the shape, organization, and movement of the cell. Which of the following are part of the cytoskeleton?

Back 25

microfilaments

Front 26

The differences among the three categories of cytoskeletal elements would suggest that each of the following has specialized roles. Which of the following is a correct match?

Back 26

microtubules and chromosome movement

Front 27

Microfilaments are well known for their role in which of the following

Back 27

ameboid movement
formation of cleavage furrows
contracting of muscle cells

Front 28

Which of the following statements about the cytoskeleton is true

Back 28

Movement of cilia and flagella is the result of motor proteins causingmicrotubules to move relative to each other

Front 29

Cells require which of the following to form cilia or flagella

Back 29

centrosomes
ribosomes

Front 30

The cell walls of bacteria, fungi, and plant cells and the extracellular matrix of animal cells are all external to the plasma membrane. Which of the following is a characteristic of all of these extracellular structures

Back 30

They are constructed of materials that are largely synthesized in the cytoplasm and then transported out of the cell.

Front 31

A cell lacking the ability to make and secrete glycoproteins would most likely be deficient in its

Back 31

extracellular matrix
Golgi apparatus

Front 32

Plasmodesmata in plant cells are most similar in function to which of the following structures in animal cells

Back 32

gap junctions

Front 33

Ions can travel directly from the cytoplasm of one animal cell to the cytoplasm of an adjacent cell through

Back 33

gap junctions

Front 34

Of the following molecules of the ECM, which is capable of transmitting signals between the ECM and the cytoskeleton

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integrins

Front 35

Which statement correctly characterizes bound ribosomes

Back 35

Bound ribosomes generally synthesize membrane proteins and secretory proteins

Front 36

Which structure is not part of the endomembrane system

Back 36

chloroplast

Front 37

Which cell would be best for studying lysosomes

Back 37

phagocytic white blood cell