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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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transformation
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A change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell.
-Ex: dead virulent Streptococcus pneumoniae mixed with harmelss strain produces virulent strain |
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what does a virus do to reproduce?
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infect and take over the cell's metabolilc machinery
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Bacteriophages
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viruses that eat bacteria (aka. phages)
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Origins of replication
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the replication of a DNA molecule begins at these special sites
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replication fork
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a y-shaped region where the new strands of DNA are elongating
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DNA polymerases
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enzyme that catalyzes DNA at a replication fork
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Leading strand
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The DNA strand made by this mechanism, working along the template towards the fork.
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Lagging strand
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The DNA synthesized in this direction, working along strand away from fork.
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DNA ligase
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the sugar-phosphate backbones of the Okazaki fragments to create a single DNA strand
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Primer
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In the replication of cellular DNA, the start of a new chain is its:
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primase
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An enzyme that joins RNA nucleotides to make the primer
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helicase
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is an enzyme that untwists the double helix at the replication fork
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mismatch repair
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cells use special enzymes to fix incorrectly paired nucleotides
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nuclease
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DNA-cutting enzyme
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nucleotide excision repair
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DNA repair where the enzyme involved in filling the gap are a DNA polymerase and ligase
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telomeres
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special nucleotide sequences that don't contain genes
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telomerase
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a special enzyme that catalyzes the lengthening of telomeres
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transcription
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the synthesis of RNA under the direction of DNA
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template strand
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provides template for ordering the sequence of nucleotides in an RNA transcript
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codons
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mRNA nase triplets
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The double helix was discovered by whom?
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James Watson and Francis Crick (1953)
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Two chemical components of chromosomes
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DNA and protein
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