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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Monomers link to form polymers through a chemical reaction called a ______ reaction
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condensation or dehydration synthesis
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All organic compounds contain
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carbon and hydrogen
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A phospholipid molecule contains what subunits?
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glycerol, a phosphate group, two fatty acids
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How is a phospholipid different from a neutral lipid?
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Phospholipids have only 2 fatty acids; neutral lipids have 3
Phospholipids have a phosphate; neutral lipids don't |
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What is the function of enzymes?
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To reduce the activation energy of chemical reactions
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Where does a substrate attach to the enzyme?
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active site
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What are the two models of how enzymes work?
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1) lock and key 2) induced model fit
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Adding water to a polymer to break it apart is called....
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hydrolysis
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Two polysaccharides that plants and animals use to STORE glucose are....
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starch and glycogen
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What is a nucleotide made up of?
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A phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base
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What is a subunit of protein?
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amino acid
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What polymer contains genetic information?
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DNA
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What is a monomer?
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a small simple molecule that makes up a larger molecule
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What biological molecule has a empirical ratio of 1 carbon: 2 hydrogen: 1 oxygen?
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carbohydrate
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What biological molecule has functions in protein synthesis?
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RNA
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ATP
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A molecule that stores energy
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What subunit is found in 2 of the 3 types of lipids?
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fatty acids
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polymer
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A molecule made of repeating units
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What part of the amino acid determines the exact type of amino acid?
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functional group (R-group)
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ATP contains how many phosphate groups?
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three
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A compound that surrounds a plant cell and gives it structure is made from what monomer?
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glucose
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Amino acids are linked together with what bonds and during what reaction?
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Peptide bonds via condensation (dehydration synthesis)
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What are organic molecules that catalyze reactions in living systems?
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enzymes
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What compound found in living things that supplies the energy in one of its chemical bonds directly to cells?
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ATP
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Why are lipids good energy-storage molecules?
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they have many carbon-hydrogen bonds
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