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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Saliva is made of... |
Water
Mucus Buffers Salivary amylase |
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Gastric juice is made of...
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Water
Mucus HCl Pepsin/pepsinogen |
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Pancreatic juice is made of...
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Water
Sodium bicarbonate Pancreatic amylase Pancreatic nuclease Lipase Trypsin |
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Slant stands for... |
Sodium bicarbonate
(Pancreatic Juice) |
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Intestinal juice is made of...
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Water |
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Bile is stored in the... |
Gall bladder
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Function of Villi |
Increase the SA for enzymatic reactions and absorption of monomers in the small intestine
Allows for absorption of water ions minerals and monomers |
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Function of mucus |
Lubricates Protects stomach (and large/small intestine) from acid chyme |
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Function of water |
Solvent Lubricates Hydrolyzed enzymes |
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Function of HCl |
Converts pepsinogen to pepsin Lowers the pH to provide optimum pH for pepsin Kills bacteria and microorganisms in food Breaks down connective tissue in stomach (ulcers if mucus does not protect stomach tissue) |
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Function of Sodium Bicarbonate |
Neutralized/buffers acids in the mouth and acid chime from the stomach |
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Function of bile |
Emulsifiers fats --> fat droplets Increases SA for chemical digestion by lipase |
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Salivary Amylase (what, where, breakdown, pH) |
Carbohydrate
Salivary Gland --> Mouth
Starch + Water --> Maltose
Optimal pH 7 |
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Pancreatic Amylase (what, where, breakdown, pH) |
Carbohydrate
Pancreas --> Duodenum
Starch + Water --> Maltose
Optimal pH 8-9 |
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Maltase (what, where, breakdown, pH) |
Carbohydrate
Intestinal Glands --> Small Intestine
Maltose + Water --> Glucose
Optimal pH 8-9 |
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Trypsin (what, where, breakdown, pH) |
Protein
Pancreas --> Duodenum
Protein + Water --> Peptides
Optimal pH 8-9 |
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Pepsin (what, where, breakdown, pH) |
Protein
Gastric Glands --> Stomach
Protein + Water --> Peptides
Optimal pH 2-3 |
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Peptidase (what, where, breakdown, pH) |
Protein
Intestinal Glands --> Small Intestine
Peptides + Water --> Amino Acids
Optimal pH 8-9 |
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Pancreatic Nuclease (what, where, breakdown, pH) |
Nucleic Acid
Pancreas
Nucleic Acids + Water --> Nucleotides
Optimal pH 8-9 |
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Intestinal Nuclease (what, where, breakdown, pH) |
Nucleic Acid
Intestinal Glands --> Small Intestine
Nucleic Acids + Water --> Nucleotides
Optimal pH 8-9 |
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Lipase (what, where, breakdown, pH) |
Lipids
Pancreas --> Duodenum
Lipid Droplets + Water --> Glycerol + Fatty Acids
Optimal pH 8-9 |
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Functions of Mouth |
Breaks down food physically and chemically (saliva) Secretes saliva and mucus to lubricate food and protect oral cavity from acidic food and liquids Location of Starch Digestion (beginning) |
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Functions of Tongue |
Forms bolus Initiates swallowing |
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Functions of Pancreas |
Secretes pancreatic juice Pancreatic juice further digests starch, lipid droplets, proteins, and nucleic acids Juice is delivered to the duodenum Neutralizes acid chyme by producing Sodium Bicarbonate; raises pH in duodenum Secretes enzymes for chemical digestion |
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Functions of Gall Bladder |
Stores and concentrates bile from the liver and carries it to the duodenum via the bile duct |
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Functions of the Cardiac Sphincter |
Allows bolus to enter stomach Prevents stomach chyme from re-entering stomach |
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Where is the Cardiac Sphincter? |
Between the stomach and esophagus |
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Functions of Pyloric Sphincter |
Allows acid chyme to enter the duodenum Allows the amount of chyme entering the duodenum and contraction keeps chyme in stomach |
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Functions of Esophagus |
Transfers the bolus from the mouth to the stomach PERISTALSIS Secretes mucus from goblet cells for lubrication |
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Functions the Pharynx |
Passageway for bolus, air, liquid Reflex action of swallowing as it enters the esophagus |
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Functions the Epiglottis |
A flap of tissue that covers the glottis (opening of trachea) Prevents bolus and liquids from entering the trachea when swallowing |
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Functions of the Salivary Gland |
Secrete saliva into mouth via ducts Saliva (contains water, mucus, salivary amylase, and buffers) which hydrolyze the enzyme, lubricate food, breakdown starch into maltose |
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Functions of the Duodenum |
Receives acid chyme, pancreatic juice, and bile PERISTALSIS Bile begins it's first emulsification here of lipids Majority of chemical digestion here First neutralization (by sodium bicarbonate) of acidic chyme here |
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The first 30cm of the small intestine is called... |
The duodenum |
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Functions of Large Intestine |
PERISTALSIS Ecoli synthesize vitamins B and K, growth factors, amino acids, and further breakdown of undigested materials by fermentation Abortion of water from feces and salt Secretes mucus for lubrication |
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Functions of Rectum |
Compacts and stores feces Opens into anus |
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Functions of Anus |
Controls opening of Rectum Elimination of feces |
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Functions of Stomach |
Rugae provide a greater SA for food and liquids J'shape allows for maximum storage of food Storage of food 3 layers of smooth muscle fibres churn food (PERISTALSIS) into chyme Goblet cells secrete mucus for protection and lubrication Secretes gastric juice First place of chemical digestion of protiens Secretes gastric which releases more gastric juice from gastric glands Secretes HCl and pepsinogen produced by gastric glands; HCl kills ingested bacteria |
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What uses PERISTALSIS?? |
Stomach Small Intestine Large Intestine Esophagus Duodenum |
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Functions of the Liver |
Produces bile Stores excess glucose and glycogen Storage of fat soluble vitamins (ADEK) Produces blood proteins and plasma proteins from amino acids Detoxifies blood by removing alcohol, drugs, toxins, and other poisonous materials Converts Hb from worn out RBC's for the production of bile Produces urea from amino acids --> N-waste Metabolizes ammonia --> urea and excretes it into the urine |
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Functions of the Small Intestine |
Villi do stuff Pits containing intestinal glands secret enzymes Goblet cells secret mucus Epithelial cells containing microvilli and many folds which increase SA for chemical digestion and absorbtion Produces intestinal juice Provides optimal pH 8-9 for (insert certain enzymes) Complete digestion of lipids, carbs, proteins, and nucleic acids Receives acid chyme, secretions from gall bladder and pancreas Undigested material is sent to the colon by PERISTALSIS Length = more time for enzymatic activity and increased absorptive area for monomers |
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How do you remember the functions of the liver? |
BSB D CUM
Bile Stores glucose and glycogen; vitamins Blood proteins from aa Detox Converts Hb from RBCs ---> bile Urea, aa --> urea --> N-waste Metabolizes ammonia --> urea |
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How do you remember the functions of the small intestine? |
Every monkey flys independently; do very little manly reading
Enzymes- pits containing intestinal glands secret it Mucus- goblet cells Folds- increase SA Intestinal juice Digestion of lipids, carbs, proteins, nucleic acids Villi Length- increased absorption area Microvilli Receives- chyme, and secretions
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How do you remember the functions of the stomach? |
So my pretty cat ran, may Donnie help?
Secretes mucus, HCl, pepsinogen Muscles- churn, chyme Pyloric Cardiac Rugae Mucus Digestion- of protiens HCl- kills ingested bacteria |
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Peristalsis |
Alternating contracting and relaxing of smooth muscles in the digestive tract |
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Functions of Insulin |
When [glucose] is high in the blood... -Stimulates cells permeability to glucose -Stimulates liver, fat, and muscle cells to metabolize glucose -Stimulates liver and muscle cells to store glucose as glycogen -Promotes the build up of fats and proteins; inhibits their use as an energy source |
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Capillary bed |
Absorbs nutrients |
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Lacteal |
Absorbs glycerol and fatty acids |
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Microvilli (where + function) |
Epithelial cells Increases SA for absorption of monomers |
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Epithelial cells |
Thin and moist and warm which speeds up diffusion/absorption/secretions |
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Mitochondria in epithelial cells |
Provide ATP for active transport of nutrients and production+secretion of digestive enzymes |
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Villus
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