Biology 11 - Cnidarians + Porifera

Front 1

What type of symmetry do Cnidarians have?

Back 1

Radial symmetry

Front 2

Some Cnidarians have __________ for protection.

Back 2

An exoskeleton

Front 3

Cnidarians have a _____________ net, allowing for minimal coordinated movement.

Back 3

nerve

Front 4

What cell layers do Cnidarians have?

Back 4

Ectoderm and endoderm, with the mesohyl in between.

Front 5

Ectoderm

Back 5

Outside, epidermal layer

Front 6

Endoderm

Back 6

Inner, endodermal layer

Front 7

Nematocysts

Back 7

Stinging cells in the ectoderm of tentacles for capturing prey and protection (within the cnidocyte).

Front 8

What has Nematocysts?

Back 8

Cnidarians

Front 9

Cnidarians have 2 body forms ___________ and _________ in their life cycle. They exhibit ________________.

Back 9

Polyp
Medusa
Polymorphism

Front 10

Body forms that remain attached to a surface are called __________.

Back 10

Sessile

Front 11

In polymorphic species polyp, they are generally responsible for ______________ and are ____________ (sessile/motile).

Back 11

Asexual reproduction
Sessile

Front 12

In polymorphic species medusa, they are responsible for _____________ and are _____________ (sessile/motile).

Back 12

Sexual Reproduction
Motile

Front 13

Life Cycle of a Jellyfish

Back 13

Front 14

Hydra exhibit the _______ form only. They are in the phylum _________.

Back 14

Polyp
Cnidarian

Front 15

Tentacles of a hydra pull in food and push it through the mouth and into the gastrovascular cavity, using _________ and __________ muscles.

Back 15

Circular
Longitudinal

Front 16

Cnidarians have a internal cavity called a ___________.

Back 16

Gastrovascular cavity.

Front 17

Nematocysts in the tentacles are released when prey __________ the trigger. Barbs and poisons are used to _________ and _________ the prey.

Back 17

Touches
Capture
Immobilize

Hint 17

Front 18

Cnidarians: Cells containing flagella line the endoderm (inner) or _____________ layer. They move back and forth to create a current in the GVC.

Back 18

Gastrodermal layer (specialized endoderm)

Front 19

Cnidarians: Gastrodermal cells secrete _________________ to break down food (extracellular digestion) into smaller particles. Most digestion is done this way.

Back 19

Digestive enzymes

Front 20

Cnidarians: Smaller fragments of food are taken into ____________ cells (endocytosis) and digestion is completed in a ___________, via _____________ (intracellular digestion).

Back 20

Gastrodermal cells
Vacuole
Lysosomes

Front 21

Circulation of a Cnidarian

Back 21

Products of digestion are distributed by diffusion from cell to cell (walls are only 2 cells thick).

Front 22

Elimination of a Cnidarian

Back 22

Wastes are eliminated from vacuoles into the GVC and out through the mouth.

Front 23

Cnidarians: Oxygen enters the cells by __________, from the surrounding water, and is used by the cell for ____________________.

Back 23

Diffusion
Cellular Respiration

Front 24

Cnidarians: Carbon dioxide, a waste product of ____________________, leaves the cells by __________, into the surrounding water.

Back 24

Cellular Respiration
Diffusion

Front 25

Excretion of a Cnidarian

Back 25

Nitrogenous wastes leave the cells by diffusion.

Front 26

Cnidarian: They have a ____________ that runs through the mesohyl (mesoglea). When stimulated, it will respond by contracting/relaxing muscles. Hydra have _________ cells that are sensitive to _________, __________, _______, and balance.

Back 26

Nerve net
Sensory
Touch
Light
Chemicals

Front 27

Hydra have _________ and ___________ muscle fibres in the ectoderm and endoderm layers. These muscles allow for _______________.

Back 27

Longitudinal
Circular
Simple movement

Front 28

Contraction of the circular muscles allows it to __________.

Back 28

Lengthen

Front 29

Contraction of the longitudianal muscles allows it to __________.

Back 29

Shorten (either all around or on on side only (bending))

Front 30

What kind of skeleton does a Cnidarian have?

Back 30

A hydrostatic skeleton. (Their internal cavity, GVC, fills with water, keeping them upright. The combination of the water and the muscle contractions allows them to move.)

Front 31

Asexual Reproduction of a Cnidarian

Back 31

Budding and Regeneration (able to grow missing parts)

Front 32

Sexual Reproduction of a Cnidarian

Back 32

Some are hemaphrodites. Ovaries and testes grow on the side of adults.

Front 33

Cnidarian: The zygote goes through cell division (mitosis) and develops into ciliated larva, called a _______.

Back 33

Planula

Front 34

Planula swim to another location, _______________ to a surface, and develops into _________.

Back 34

Settles and attaches
Adult polyp form

Front 35

Cnidarians are important to the ecology of __________ and ________ oceans in the form of _________.

Back 35

Temperate
Tropical
Coral (eg. Great Barrier Reef)

Front 36

Cnidarians form _________ relationships with other organisms.

Back 36

Symbiotic

Front 37

Cnidarians; Commensalism: Clown fish and ____________. The clown fish is ______ to the cnidarian's toxins, so it used it as a shelter from predators.

Back 37

Sea anemones
Immune

Front 38

Cnidarians; Mutualism: Coral and _______. Inside the sac of each coral polyp lives a one celled ________. The _______ gives off _______ and other nutrients that the coral polyp needs to live and in return the polyp gives it __________ and other substances it's partner needs.

Back 38

Algae
Algae
Algae
Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide

Front 39

Cnidarians; Mutualism: Certain fish are immune to the sting of a _______. They take shelter with the Cnidarian, thereby baiting a trap for other fish. Fish then share a _____ with the jellyfish.

Back 39

Jellyfish
Meal

Front 40

The common name for Porifera is ________.

Back 40

Sponge.

Front 41

Sponges are a part of a group of animals called _______________, meaning they have __________.

Back 41

Invertebrates
No backbone

Front 42

Sponges are considered the _____________ animal phylum.

Back 42

Oldest living

Front 43

Porifera means "__________".

Back 43

Pore bearers.

Front 44

They live in __________ and ___________ environments.

Back 44

Freshwater
Marine

Front 45

Sponges are _________trophic, and multicellular.

Back 45

Hetero

Front 46

Sponges exhibit a _________ level of __________.

Back 46

Cellular
Organization

Front 47

Sponges are ________________ in shape.

Back 47

Assymmetrical.

Front 48

Sponges are ________ (sessile/motile).

Back 48

Sessile

Front 49

Sponges (have/don't have) true tissues.

Back 49

Don't have

Front 50

Sponges are made up of 2 cell layers, the outer _____ and the inner ______. They also have a middle layer called the _______.

Back 50

Ectoderm
Endoderm
Medohyl (non-cellular, jelly-like middle region)

Front 51

Sponges: The ectoderm is made up of ___________ and is called the ________.

Back 51

Pinacocytes
Epidermis

Front 52

Sponges (do/do not) have nervous, digestive, or circulatory systems.

Back 52

Do not

Front 53

Sponges rely on maintaining a constant ______________ through their bodies to obtain food and oxygen and to remove wastes.

Back 53

Water flow

Front 54

Pore Cells

Back 54

Create a bridge and allows for movement of materials.

Front 55

Pinacocyte

Back 55

Protection.
Form the epidermal layer/ectoderm.

Front 56

Amoebocyte

Back 56

1) Eat digested and large particles
2) Carry and distribute digested food through the mesohyl
3) Produce sperm and eggs
4) Unspecialized --> can transform into other types of cells
5) Make up gemmules

Front 57

Choanocyte

Back 57

Create water current.
Make up the endodermal layer and line the central cavity.
Carry sperm and eggs.

Front 58

Spicule

Back 58

Found throughout the mesohyl.
Skeleton.
Formed from 3 different types of specialized amoebocytes.
Made out of silica, calcium carbonate, and protein spongin.

Front 59

Sponges can be classified based on the composition, size, and shape of ___________.

Back 59

Spicules.

Front 60

Ingestion of a Sponge

Back 60

Filter feeders. They remove and filter detritus, phytoplankton, zooplankton, and bacteria in the water in the following way: collar cells beat their flagella, draws water through pore cell, into the central cavity and out the osculum. Food in water is trapped in the mucus on the collar cell.

Front 61

Sponge; Digestion: Food is brought into the collar cell by __________, creating a food vacuole. Small food particles in the vacuole are digested by _________ inside the cell. (______________) ie intracellular digestion

Back 61

Endocytosis 'cell eating' phagocytosis
Enzymes
Lysosomes

Front 62

With sponges, digested food and large, undigested food particles are passed to amoebocytes in the mesohyl, via _____________ and ____________. Amoeboid cells digest __________ particles.

Back 62

Exocytosis
Endocytosis
Larger

Front 63

Internal Transport for Sponges

Back 63

Amoebocytes move through the mesohyl to distribute digested food (nutrients).

Front 64

Elimination for Sponges

Back 64

Waste is enclosed in a vacuole and leave the cell by exocytosis. Wastes are then swept out the osculum with water currents.

Front 65

Excretion for Sponges

Back 65

N-wastes exit the sponge's cells by diffusion and is swept out of the osculum.

Front 66

Nitrogenous Wastes

Back 66

Cellular wastes or the bi-products of cellular metabolism (what we think of as liquid wastes in humans).

Front 67

Respiration for Sponges

Back 67

Oxygen enters with water through pore cells. Diffuses from the water across the cell membrane into cells. Carbon dioxide leaves the cell by diffusion into the water and out the osculum.

Front 68

Diffusion

Back 68

The movement of materials from areas of high concentration (of that material) to areas of low concentration (of that material).

Front 69

Sexual Reproduction of Sponges

Back 69

Separate Sexes or Hermaphrodites. Sperm and eggs are made by Amoeboid cells.

Front 70

Asexual Reproduction of Sponges

Back 70

Fragmentation
Budding
Gemmules

Front 71

Gemmules

Back 71

Produced by some fresh water sponges when conditions are UNFAVORABLE. They are made up of a clump of spicules and amoebocytes, covered in a tough protective coat. They remain DORMANT until conditions IMPROVE.

Front 72

Do sponges have a nervous system?

Back 72

No.

Front 73

The larvae of sponges (are/are not) motile, while the adults (are/are not) motile.

Back 73

Are (Cilia)
Are not

Front 74

Sponges form deep ocean _____________ (a global rarity) along the BC coast that provides _________, ___________, and ___________ areas for fish and invertebrates.

Back 74

Glass sponge reefs
Habitats
Breeding
Nursery

Front 75

Sponges are a important ___________ link. (eg. Turtle Chilton, small fish, snails, nudibranchs, all _______________)

Back 75

Food web
Eat sponges

Front 76

Sponges provide __________ marine animals (eg. Crabs)

Back 76

Camouflage

Front 77

Sponges; Mutualism: Bacteria living within the __________. Can make up to ___% of the sponge's mass.

Back 77

Mesohyl
40

Front 78

Sponges; Commensalism: Plant like protists, snails, crabs, fish, ________, brittle stars, ________, and bivalve are common inhabitants of sponges.

Back 78

Octopus
Shrimps

Front 79

Sponges help clean the ocean floor by boring into ____________ and ____________ and by releasing _________ to help break them down (recycling the nutrients).

Back 79

Dead shells
Corals
Chemicals

Front 80

Cnidiaria means '______' and refers to __________.

Back 80

Nettle
Nematocysts

Front 81

Cnidarians have a ________ level of organization

Back 81

Tissue

Front 82

Examples of Cnidarians?

Back 82

Jellyfish, sea anemones, corals, hydra, sea pens.

Front 83

Cnidarian Photo

Back 83

Front 84

Sponge Anatomy

Back 84

Front 85

Digestion of Sponges

Back 85

Front 86

Where is the hold fast of the sponge?

Back 86

The middle-base of the sponge.

Front 87

Where is the substrate of the sponge?

Back 87

Where the sponge attaches to a surface.

Front 88

What's another name for a choanocyte?

Back 88

Collar cell.

Front 89

Pinacocytes are a part of what layer?

Back 89

The epidermis.

Front 90

What kind of specialized endoderm does a Hydra (Cnidarians) have?

Back 90

Gastroderm.

Front 91

What's a cnidocyte?

Back 91

It's what holds the Nematocysts.

Hint 91

The cnidocyte is the 'gun' and the nematocysts is the 'bullet'.