Biology 1.1 - 1.3 Quiz

Front 1

9 characteristics of Living Things

Back 1

1. Reproduce

2. Growth

3. Repair

4. Produce Energy

5. Store Substances

6. Removes Waste

7. Transport Raw

8. Respond to the Materials in environment

9. Have a life span

Front 2

Cell Theory

Back 2

(i) all living things are composed of one or more cells

(ii) the cell is the smallest living things

(iii) new cell arise only from cells that already exis

Front 3

Hierarchy of Cells

Back 3

1. Cell

2.Tissue

3.Organ

4.Organ System

5.Organism

Front 4

Is the smallest living thing unit and is the basic building block of organisms

Back 4

Cells

Front 5

Groups of cells that have a similar structure and perform a specific function example is nerve tissue

Back 5

Tissue

Front 6

Types of tissue that carry out a particular function like brain

Back 6

Organ

Front 7

Organs that working together to perform a function like nerve system

Back 7

Organ System

Front 8

Organs system working together example Human

Back 8

Organisms

Front 9

Do not have a nucleus instead it have a nucleoi and it lack of membrane-bound organelles

Back 9

Prokaryotic Cells

Front 10

Is irregularly shape within the prokaryote that contains all or most of the genetic material

Back 10

Nucleoid

Front 11

It have a true nucleus and have an enough organelles

Back 11

Eukaryotic Cells

Front 12

It is a long threads of genetic material that contain genetic/heredity and it is found inside the nucleus

Back 12

Chromosomes

Front 13

Are sort of master plan that specifies how the cell should develop.

Back 13

Chromosomes

Front 14

It’s job is to chemically bond the animo acids together

Back 14

Ribosomes

Front 15

Chromosomes are composed of _______ and proteins called DNA

Back 15

Nuclei Acids

Front 16

In order for the cell to use the information coded by the parts of DNA, it must be first be ______ from the original set of instructions.

Back 16

Copied

Front 17

These short-stranded copies from one of the two DNA strands in the nucleus are made from?

Back 17

Rinonucleic Acdid (RNA)

Front 18

The codes in the cells DNA act as a?

Back 18

Blueprint

Front 19

_____ copies represent detailed messages that can be transported of the nucleus since DNA is to valuable to _____ the nucleus

Back 19

RNA, leave

Front 20

Composed of chains of smaller molecules called animo acids

Back 20

Proteins

Front 21

Is the process in which cells make proteins.

Back 21

Protein Synthesis

Front 22

Is the transfer of genetic instructions in DNA to RNA in nucleus

Back 22

Transcription

Hint 22

One of the two stages in protein synthesis

Front 23

After the mRNA is ______, it carries the instructions to a ribosome in the ______.

Back 23

Processed, Cytoplasm

Front 24

Occurs at the ribosome which consists of RNA and proteins.

Back 24

Translation

Front 25

In, translation, the instructions in mRNA are read and Erna bring the correct sequence of _____ at the ribosomes

Back 25

Animo Acids

Front 26

Are building blocks used to make proteins and these proteins can be either used ______ in the cell or packaged and shipped off to other cells.

Back 26

Animo Acids, directly

Front 27

There are _____ different animo acids

Back 27

20

Front 28

Are called “little organs” and has a membrane enclosed structure that have a specific function and it is found mostly in cytoplasm.

Back 28

Organelles

Front 29

Involves the structures within the cell such as the phospholipid layer and proteins sliding past each other it has a flexible cell membrane.

Back 29

Fluid Mosaic Model

Front 30

Fluid inside the cells

Back 30

Intracellular Fluid (ICF)

Front 31

Fluid that occupies the space between cells and tissues.

Back 31

Extracellular Fluid (ECF)

Front 32

Fluid in between of the body cells

Back 32

Interstitial Fluid

Front 33

Surrounds the entire cell and it regulates what goes in and out of the cell

Back 33

Cell Membrane

Front 34

The cell membrane holds and ______ all the contents found inside the cell from outside the cell.

Back 34

separates

Front 35

Any molecules or substances can pass through the cell membrane

Back 35

Permeable

Front 36

Are those which only let solvents, such as water pass through.

Back 36

Semi-permeable

Front 37

Does not allow any substances to pass through the cell membrane

Back 37

Impermeable

Front 38

Is a lipid made of phosphate liquid head group - glycerol and two fatty acid tails and is densely packed together forming a ______ to barrier that does not allow a certain size of molecules enters the cell

Back 38

Phopholipid, wall

Hint 38

Four Main Components that make up the cell membrane

Front 39

Are made up of glycerol and phosphate-liked head and has a properties of hydrophilic (water loving)

Back 39

Phospholipid head

Front 40

Two fatty acid tails/chains and has a properties of hydrophobic (water hating)

Back 40

Phospholipid Tails

Front 41

Are the 2nd main component and they form gates within the phospholipid bilayer

Back 41

Proteins

Hint 41

4 main components that make up the cell membrane

Front 42

Attach to lids (glycolipid) and proteins (glycroprotein), found outside the of the cell and act as a recognition.

Back 42

Carbohydrates

Hint 42

4 main components that make up the cell membrane

Front 43

It maintains the membrane plurality and it is found in the core middle of the double-membrane

Back 43

Cholesterol

Hint 43

4 main components that make up the cell membrane

Front 44

A rough spherical organelle found near the centre of the cell, it is the brain or the control centre of the cell that contains DNA/genetic information

Back 44

Nucleus

Front 45

Each cell has a total of ____ chromosome and ___ pairs

Back 45

46, 23

Front 46

Have a genetic instructions to code different characteristics and traits in body, it also help produce proteins and other molecules that help the cell to function

Back 46

Genes

Front 47

Is a dark, dense structure composed of DNA, protein, fibres and granules, and it responsible for making ribosomes

Back 47

Nucleolus

Front 48

An area between the cell membrane and nucleus, and this area contains all the organelles of cells

Back 48

Cytoplasm

Front 49

Is a watery fluid found within the Cytoplasm

Back 49

Cytosol

Front 50

Responsible for producing energy or cell powerhouse of the cell. In addition to the nucleus it is the only other organelle that has its own DNA.

Back 50

Mitochondria

Front 51

The way cell produces energy in Mitochondria is through the process called?

Back 51

Cellular Respiration

Front 52

Vesicles with a protein are sent ______

Vesicles with a lipid inside are sent to ______

Vesicles with food particles in them are sent _____

Back 52

Golgi Bodies

Other parts of the cell

Lysosome

Front 53

Vesicles and its contents are released into an organelle

Back 53

Endocytosis

Front 54

Vesicle is released out from the organelle/cell and it travels towards the plasma membrane.

Back 54

Exocytosis

Front 55

Is a 3D network branching tubes that send vesicles with molecules inside to different parts of the cells and responsible for producing proteins that are synthesized by ribosomes

Back 55

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Front 56

Smooth ER _______ ribosomes

Rough ER______ ribosomes

Back 56

Do not have

Have

Front 57

Receive, modify, transport and release proteins produced by ER

Back 57

Golgi Bodies

Front 58

If the proteins are to be used by the cell, the Golgi bodies _____ them into vesicle and send them to cell membrane to be _____

Back 58

Packages, exported

Front 59

Form a digestive enzymes that can break down large molecules into smaller ones

Made by the Rough ER and Golgi Bodies

Back 59

Lysosomes

Front 60

Have similar structure to lysosome and contain strong enzymes that are formed in cytoplasm, its main job it to break down long fatty acids and also detoxify alcohols.

Back 60

Peroxisomes

Front 61

A sac that is filled with water, nutrients and dissolved minerals and [large in plant] and [small in animak]

Back 61

Vacuole

Front 62

Network of microfilaments and microbes made out of proteins, it maintains cell shape and help support the cell, it requires energy in order to move

Back 62

Cytoskeleton

Front 63

It is made up of cellulose and pectic and its main job is to protects and support the plant cell

Back 63

Cell Wall

Front 64

Is a jelly-like substance that helps to bind cells together.

Back 64

Pectic

Front 65

Plants produce sugars (autotrophs) and store starch— their own food.

Back 65

Plastids

Front 66

Create and store pigments (different colours like red, yellow, orange)

Back 66

Chromoplasts

Front 67

Colourless plastids that store starch and sugars

Back 67

Amyplasts

Front 68

Two or more substance that are dissolved in fluid

Back 68

Solution

Front 69

Any material that has been dissolved (salt)

Back 69

Solute

Front 70

The substance that exists in the larger amount to dissolves the solute (H2O)

Back 70

Solvent

Front 71

Movement of particles from high to low concentration

Back 71

Diffusion

Front 72

Equilibrium is eventually established when there are _____ distributed particles.

Back 72

equally

Front 73

Smaller particles are affected by temperature easily.

Back 73

Particle’s size

Front 74

Higher temperature increase the rate of diffusion

Back 74

Temperature

Front 75

Increase in concentration difference and rate of diffusion

Back 75

Concentration Difference

Front 76

Particles are closer to cell membrane the increase of rate of diffusion

Back 76

Diffusion distance

Front 77

Not require energy — from high to low

Back 77

Passieve Transport

Front 78

Movement of small particles that directly pass through the lipid bilayer, not need to go through protein channel

Back 78

Simple Diffusion

Front 79

Molecules are too large to pass the phospholipid bilayer, transport/carrier protein can be inhibited to blocked

Back 79

Facilitated Diffusion

Front 80

Requires energy (ATP) — from low to high and this energy comes from the mitochondria.

Back 80

Active Transport

Front 81

The diffusion of stare through a selectively permeable and water is small enough to fit through phospholipid and does not need a carrier/transport protein.

Back 81

Osmosis

Front 82

Equal — fluid of the cell has the same amount of dissolved ions inside

Back 82

isotonic

Front 83

High — Fluid cell is high in the dissolved concentration

Back 83

Hypertonic

Front 84

Low — fluid of the cell is lower in the dissolves ion concentration.

Back 84

Hypotonic

Front 85

Producing offspring from a single parent, in which the offspring have the exact genetic information

Back 85

Asexual Reproduction

Front 86

Cell simply copies its DNA and then splits into two giving a copy of its DNA to eat of the daughter cell.

Back 86

Binary fission

Front 87

Process of producing offspring by the union of 2 different parent organism and the offspring genetic make up is different from a parent since it obtain half of their genetic from the 2 parents.

Back 87

Sexual Reproduction

Front 88

Majority of the chromosomes (44 out of 46) are not involves in determining the sex of the organism. All genes that make up various traits such as hair colour.

Pairs (#1-23) chromosomes

Back 88

Autosomes

Front 89

All cells of the body except for sex cells, take part in the information of the organism formed in mitosis and has 46 chromosomes

Have a diploid # (means double = 2n) = human diploid number is 26 chromosomes (2n=46)

Back 89

Somatic Cells

Front 90

These cells only come into play when you want to make baby which the ____ will be providing you 23 chromosomes

Have a haploid # (means half=n) half of the diploid # which is 23 chromosomes (n=23)

Back 90

Gametes / sex cells

Front 91

Offers 22 chromosomes + 1 gender [X]

Back 91

Female (egg)

Front 92

Offers 22 chromosomes + 1 gender (X) or (Y)

Back 92

Male (sperm)