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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Heredity |
Tendency for traits to be passed from parent to offspring Heredity Ft. called Characters Traits are alternative form of character |
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True-Breeding |
Allowing Self-Fertilize for several generations ensuring each variety contained only one type of trait. Mendel Called it P Generation |
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Crossed Two Varieties Exhibiting Alternative Traits |
Named Resulting Offspring F1 Generation Then allowed the F1 Generation to self-fertilize to self fertilize naming their offspring F2 Generation |
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Dominant and Recessive Genes |
Dominant Gene expresses completely in the phenotype while recessive gene is not completely expresses in the phenotype. |
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Hypothesis 1 |
Parents do not transmit traits directly to their offspring Parents transmit information about the trait called Genes |
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Hypothesis 2 |
Each parent contains two copies of the factor governing each trait Homozygous individuals have 2 similar copies Heterozygous individuals have 2 different copies |
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Hypothesis 3 |
Alternative forms of a factor lead to alternative traits Alleles are defined as alternative forms of a factor Alleles present are the individual's Genotype Expression of the alleles is the Phenotype |
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Hypothesis 4 |
The two alleles that an individual possesses do not affect each other |
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Hypothesis 5 |
The presence of an allele does not ensure that a trait will be expressed in the individual that carries it |
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Locus |
The location of a gene on a chromosome |
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Punnet Square |
List the possible gametes from one individual on one side of the square and the possible gametes from the other individual on the opposite side |
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Mendel's First Law: Segregation |
The two alleles of a trait separate from each other during the formation of gametes, so that half of the gametes will carry one copy and half will carry the other copy
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Dihybrid |
When crossing individuals who are true-breeding for two different characters, the F1 results is a dihybrid
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Mendel's Second Law: Independent Assortment |
Genes located on different chromosomes are inherited independently of one another
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Polygenic |
Characters can show a range of small differences when multiple genes act jointly to influence a character
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Pleiotropic Effects |
An allele that has more than one effect on the phenotype is considered pleiotropic—one gene affects many characters
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Incomplete Dominance |
Not all alternative alleles are either fully dominant or fully recessive in heterozygotes
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Epistasis
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In some situations, two or more genes interact with each other, such that one gene contributes to or masks the expression of the other gene
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Codominance |
A gene may have more than two alleles in a population
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Sex-Linked |
A trait determined by a gene on the sex chromosome |
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Linkage |
The tendency of close-together genes to segregate together
The further two genes are from each other on the same chromosome, the more likely crossing over is to occur between them. This would lead to independent segregation. The closer that two genes are to each other, the less likely that crossing over will occur between themthese genes almost always segregate together and would, thus, be inherited together. |