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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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agar
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-Used first by Robert Koch
-is a polysaccharide compound found in the cell walls of some red algae |
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pathogen
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-disease causing organism
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3 domains
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-Arachea (prokaryote)
-Bacteria (prokaryote) -Eukarya |
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prokaryotes
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unicellular organisms that lack membrane-bound organelles, including a nucelus
-most abundant organisms in the world -thought to have evolved first -DNA contained in nucleoid region -have ribosomes and various internal membranes |
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eukaryotes
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cells with true nuclei and membrane-bound organelles
-can be unicellular as in Protists or multicellular as in Plants -Fungi and Plants have cell walls. |
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two groups of bacteria
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-bacteria
-cynobacteria (blue-green algae) |
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bacteria
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-very abundant in the soil
-play an important role in nitrogen fixation -decomposers -responsible for food spoilage and for many diseases of plants and animal -in humans, pneumonia, tuberculosis, diphtheria |
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two types of autotrophic bacteria
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1)photosynthetic bacteria - use light as their energy source
2)chemosynthetic bacteria - obtain their energy from the oxidation of inorganic substances (sulfur oxidizing bacteria use hydrogen sulfide as their inorganic substance |
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3 major groups of bacteria
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1)bacilli - rod shaped
2)cocci - small spheres 3) spirilla - corkscrew |
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Lactobacillus
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the bacterium that uses milk sugar (lactose) and converts milk to yogurt
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cynobacteria
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-photosynthetic
-like eukaryotes, use pigment chlorophyll a -use water in p.s. -produce 02 -some are also capable of nitrogen fixation |
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Gloeocapsa
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-type of unicelluar cynobacteria
-gelatinous sheath -clustered |
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Oscillatoria
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-type of colonial cynobacteria
-oscillation in movement -filaments |
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eukarya
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-fungi, protista, animalia, plantae
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Kingdom Fungi
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-eukaryotic
-heterotrophic -generally multicellular |
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Saccharomyces
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-yeast
-unicellular -in nature on grais and fruits -important in wine,beer, and bbaking industries -yeast ferments sugar into ethyl alchol -in the presence of oxygen, yeast oxidizes sugars into carbon dioxide which forms the gas bubbles in rising bread dough |
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Staphylococcus
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-type of bacteria
-2-3mm wide, moist-looking colonies, are opaque off-white or yellow -s. epidermis - from skin -s. aureus - pathogen |
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Streptococcus
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-type of bacteria
-forms tiny colonies less than 1mm wide -transparent, barely off-white -stains gram-positive -very common in nose and mouth -s. salivarius and s.lactis -s. pyogenes -"strep throat" |
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Bacillus
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-type of bacteria
-one of most common genera of decomposers -forms large colonies over 3mm wide, usually off-white, opaque, waxy-looking -stains gram-positive -spores may be visible as poorly stained oval swelling |
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Coliforms
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-type of bacteria
-typically 2-3mm wide, transparent, off-white, frequently foul-smelling colony, wet looking -stains as small gram-negative rods -common in human intestines, sewage -E. coli -ability to ferment lactose |
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Pseudomonas
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-similiar to coliforms
-yellow-green, green, or blue-green pigment, which diffuses into the medium -produce infections, especially in burn patients |
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Kingdom Protista
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-contains many eukaryote single-celled organisms and colonial organisms that simply do not belong to other kingdoms
-contains representative animal-like and plant-like protists |
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Protozoans
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-animal-like protists
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phylum
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the level of classification just below kingdom
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Paramecium
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-Phylum Ciliophora
-heterotrophic -single celled organism -contains largest single-celled organisms and the most complex protozoans -live in freshwater environment -oral groove, food vacuole, anal pore, two contractile vacuoles -when cell encounters and immovable object, it reverses direction and backs away (triggered by change in electrical behavior, influx of calcium ions) |
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cilia
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-hairlike structures along the cell membrane used for locomotion and food capture
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oral groove
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-a fold on one long side of the cell
-food accumulates here |
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cytopharynx
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region at the lower end of the oral groove
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food vacuole (oral groove)
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-envelops the food particles
-migrates towards one end of the cell, digested by enzymes from lysosomes |
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anal pore
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-food vacuole migrates here and attaches to empty its contents (indigestible particles) outside the cell
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