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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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_ are the base levels of biological hierarchy
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Chemicals
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Living organisms are composed of _
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Matter
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_ is anything that occupies space and has mass
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Matter
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_ is composed of chemical elements
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Matter
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_ a substance that cannot be broken down to other substances
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Element
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There are _ elements in nature- only a few exist in a pure state
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?
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Life requires _ essential elements; some are called _
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?
trace elements |
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Some _ are required to prevent disease
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trace elements
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Without _, your body cannot transport oxygen
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Iron
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An _ deficiency prevents production of thyroid hormones, resulting in _
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Iodine
goiter |
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Chemicals are added to food for
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-help preserve it
-make it more nutritious -make it look better |
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_- a substance consisting of two or more different elements combined in a fixed ratio
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Compound
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Many of the compounds in living organisms contain
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carbon
hydrogen oxygen nitrogen |
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DNA contains _ elements
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all four
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An _ is the smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element
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atom
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The number of _ is the atom's atomic number
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protons
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_ have the same number of protons and electrons but different numbers of neutrons
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Isotope
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_ cannot distingish bewteen isotopes of the same element
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Living cells
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What acts as tracers in metabolic processes?
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radioactive compounds
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Biologists use _ in research
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radioactive tracers
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An instrument that uses _ detects the location of injected radioactive materials
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? (PET)
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_ cannot distingish bewteen isotopes of the same element
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Living cells
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What acts as tracers in metabolic processes?
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radioactive compounds
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Biologists use _ in research
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radioactive tracers
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An instrument that uses _ detects the location of injected radioactive materials
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? (PET)
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Chemical bonds are broken by _ , which causes abnormal bonds to form
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emitted energy
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Only _ are involved in chemical activity
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electrons
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Electrons occur in energy levels called electron _
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?
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An _ is an atom or molecule with an electrical charge resulting from gain or loss of electrons
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ion
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When the attraction holds the ions together, it is called an _ bond
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ionic
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A _ results when atoms share outer-shell electrons
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covalent bond
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A molecule is formed when atoms are held together by _ bonds
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covalent
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The attraction (pull) for shared electrons is called _
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?
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what kind of atoms pull harder?
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electronegative atoms
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Equal pull of atoms are _
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non-polar covalent bonds
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In water, _ attracts the shared electrons more strongly than _
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oxygen
hydrogen |
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In water, shared electrons spend more time near _
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oxygen
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Unequal pull results in _
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polar covalent bond
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In H2O, oxygen atom has a slight _ charge and hydrogens have a slight _ charge
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negative
positive |
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Hydrogen bonding causes molecules to stick together called _
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cohesion
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Cohesion is much _ for water than other liquids
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stronger
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_ depend upn cohesion to help transport water and nutrients
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Cohesion
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Cohesion is related to _
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surface tension
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_- a measure of how difficult it is to break the surface of a liquid
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Surface tension
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Why does water have a greater ability to resist temperature change than other liquids?
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Hydrogen bonding
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_ is the energy associated with movement of atoms and molecule in matter
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Heat
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_ measures the intensity of heat
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Temperature
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What must be absorbed to break hydrogen bonds?
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Heat
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What is released when hydrogen bonds form?
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Heat
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Why does water have a greater ability to resist temperature change than other liquids?
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Hydrogen bonding
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_ is the energy associated with movement of atoms and molecule in matter
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Heat
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_ measures the intensity of heat
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Temperature
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What must be absorbed to break hydrogen bonds?
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Heat
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What is released when hydrogen bonds form?
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Heat
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Water is more dense as a _ due to hydrogen bonding
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solid
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A _ is a liquid consisting of a uniform mixture of two or more substances
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solution
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The dissolving agent is the _
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solvent
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The substance that is dissolved is the
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solute
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Why is water the universal solvent?
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because of its polarity
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Chemicals that can contribute H+ to a solution is
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acid
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What acid is found in stomach?
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Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
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A _ has a higher concentration of H+ than OH-
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acidic solution
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A pH is
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potential of hydrogen
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Acidic ranges from
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? to 7
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Basic ranges from
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7-14
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What is released when fossil fuels are burned?
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air polluting compounds and CO2
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What forms with water to acids?
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Sulfur and nitrous oxides
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Additional _ in the atmosphere contributes to the "greenhouse" effect and alters ocean chemistry
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CO2
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What reactants are converted to make water?
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H2 and O2
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