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24 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Energy
capacity to do work
sum of all reactions that occur in a cell.
metabolism
Anabolic reactions
reactions that build more complex products from smaller reactants.
These are examples of?
# E.g. Amino acids are assembled to make proteins.
# E.g. Simple sugars are assembled to make starch
# E.g. Fatty acids are assembled to make lipids.
Anabolic reactions
Catabolic reactions
reactions that break down complex reactants into smaller products.
These are examples of?
# E.g. Proteins are broken down to make amino acids.
# E.g. Starch is broken down to make simple sugars.
# E.g. Lipids are broken down to make fatty acids.
Catabolic reactions
Exergonic reactions
Energy is released when a chemical reaction occurs.
Endergonic reactions
Energy is required for a chemical reaction to occur.
T/F, Carbon dioxide and water are joined to make sugar molecules is an example of an Endergonic reaction
True
T/F, sugar molecule broken down to make carbon dioxide and water is an example of an exergonic reaction?
True
ATP has three main functions in cells.
* Chemical work – the manufacture of macromolecules during metabolism
* E.g. the formation of proteins from amino acids

* Transport work – the transportation of substances across cell membranes
* E.g. the transportation of potassium across the plasma membrane

* Mechanical work – the physical movement of cellular components
* E.g. muscle contraction, cilia and flagella movement, chromosome movement
A <blank> is a series of linked chemical reactions in the cell that construct a product or products from a substrate or substrates.
metabolic pathway
What is this?
o Protein molecules
o Manufactured by the cell from information contained in the genes
o Assist reactions without being changed themselves (e.g. they are true catalysts).
An Enzyme
The <blank> states that the enzyme changes its physical shape to conform to the physical characteristics of a specific substrate. This allows for the substrate and the enzyme to form a bond with each other.
Induced Fit Model
Anabolism
Within a cell or organism, the sum of all biosynthetic reactions (that is, chemical reactions in which larger molecules are formed from smaller ones).
Within a cell or organism, the sum of all chemical reactions in which large molecules are broken down into smaller parts.
Catabolism
What form of energy is defined as the movement of objects from a higher to lower entropy state?
Kinetic energy
What molecule functions as an intermediary in coupled reactions?
ATP
What two kinds of reactions are coupled during energy conversion in the cell?
Endergonic and exergonic
The energy that must be added to cause molecules to react with one another, or to cause the molecules to react with one another at a faster rate is called
Energy of activation
Specific locations on the surface of an enzyme molecule to which other molecules become attached prior to the chemical reaction are called
Active sites
The model stating that the enzyme changes its physical shape to conform to the physical characteristics of a specific substrate is called the
Induced fit model
Molecules that attach themselves to active sites on the enzyme, thereby blocking the action of the enzyme are an example of
Competitive inhibition
In some cases enzymes need specific vitamins or ions in order to function optimally. These are called
Cofactors