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37 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Channel proteins
proteins that form passages for molecules to move through
Carrier proteins
proteins that bind to and transport molecules
Receptor proteins
On or in a cell, a specific protein molecule whose shape fits that of a specific molecular messenger, such as a hormone.
Enzymatic proteins
proteins that function in chemical reactions
Diffusion of molecules across cell membranes
movement of materials across the plasma membrane from areas in which they are in high concentration to areas in which they are in low concentration. We say that the materials are moving "with" the concentration gradient.
Osmosis
the movement of the solvent from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration through a semi-permeable membrane.
Tonicity
refers to the amount of solute in a cell or a solution as compared to another cell or solution.
A cell or solution is isotonic to another cell or solution if
the solute concentration in both cells or solutions is equal.
A cell or solution is hypotonic to another cell or solution if
its solute concentration is less than the solute concentration of another cell or solution.
A cell or solution is hypertonic to another cell or solution if
its solute concentration is greater than the solute concentration of another cell or solution.
cell lysis
When some cells are placed in pure water, the force of the incoming water causes the plasma membrane to burst
turgor pressure
The pressure that plant cells exert against the inside of their cell walls
When plant cells lack sufficient turgor pressure to hold themselves upright we say that the plant is
flaccid
When plants become flaccid the plasma membranes pull away from the inside of the cell wall. This is a condition called
plasmolysis
Facilitated Transport
the mechanism whereby the membrane carrier proteins bond with the material to be transported, and in some way move the materials across the membrane, either into or out of the cell. The membrane carrier proteins are specific for the kind of materials transported.
the mechanism whereby the membrane carrier proteins bond with the material to be transported, and in some way move the materials across the membrane, either into or out of the cell. The membrane carrier proteins are specific for the kind of materials transported.
Facilitated Transport
True or false - facilitated transport requires the cell to expend energy
False. like diffusion and osmosis, facilitated transport does not require the expenditure of energy. One can think of the mechanism of facilitated transport like answering a knock at the door and allowing someone to enter.
Active transport
active transport is a mechanism whereby certain membrane carrier proteins bond with the material to be transported, and move the materials across the membrane, in this case usually into the cell.
True/False. Active transport works against the concentration gradient
True. Unlike diffusion and osmosis, active transport operates against the concentration gradient.
Exocytosis
the movement of relatively large amounts of material from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell by the action of the plasma membrane. This is accomplished by enclosing the material to be expelled from the cell in a vesicle. A vesicle is a small membrane sac.
the movement of relatively large amounts of material from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell by the action of the plasma membrane. This is accomplished by enclosing the material to be expelled from the cell in a vesicle. A vesicle is a small membrane sac.
Exocytosis
Endocytosis
the movement of relatively large amounts of material from the outside of the cell to the inside of the cell by the action of the plasma membrane.
the movement of relatively large amounts of material from the outside of the cell to the inside of the cell by the action of the plasma membrane.
Endocytosis
Adhesion junctions
Used for intercellur communication and are are formed by the joining of cytoplasmic plaques within each cell by intercellular filaments.
Tight junctions
Used for inter-cellular communication and are formed when the plasma membrane proteins of adjacent cells become attached to each other.
Gap junctions
Used for inter-cellular communication and are formed when the channels formed by plasma membrane proteins of adjacent cells are aligned.
Plasmodesmata (singular: Plasmodesma)
Used for inter-cellular communication in plants and are formed between adjacent plant cells by a membrane-lined channel containing a narrow cytoplasmic strand.
Phospholipids
The molecule that makes up the majority of the plasma membrane.
Which phrase best describes the structure of the biological membrane?
A double layer of phospholipids with imbedded proteins
What is the currently accepted model of the membrane called?
Fluid-mosaic model
What are the membrane proteins that function in chemical reactions called?
Enzymatic proteins
Which term best describes the condition of the cells of a severely wilted plant?
Plasmolysed
When you place animal cells in a hypertonic solution you notice that they decrease in volume and that the plasma membrane develops a wrinkled appearance. What process are the cells undergoing?
Crenation
The movement of materials from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is an example of
Osmosis and Diffusion
What feature of the plasma membrane serves as channels for the passage of materials into and out of the cell?
Carrier proteins
Which of the following terms represents the mechanism of transport across the membrane that is characterized by the fusion of an intracellular vesicle with the plasma membrane and the subsequent release of the contents of the vesicle to the outside of the cell?
Exocytosis
Amoebas feed themselves by extending portions of their bodies and engulfing their prey. This is representative of what kind of membrane transport process?
Phagocytosis