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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
adaptive radiation
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the rapid evolution of ma species form a single species that has been introduced to a environment
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allopatric specition
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Speciation that involves the geographic separation of populations. Most speciation involves geographic separation, followed by the development of intrinsic isolating mechanisms in the separated populations
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analogy
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a structure found in different organisms that is similar in function and appearance but is not the result of hared ancestry. Analogies must be distinguished from homologies to get a true picture of evolutionary relationships
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ancestral character
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a character that existed in the common ancestor of a group of organisms Cladistics distinguished from derived characters and uses these characters to determine evolutionary relationships
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binomial nomenclature
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The system of naming species that uses two names (gens and species) for each species. This system helps identify groupings among living things
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biology species concept
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a definion of species that relies on the breeding behavior of populations in nature. It defines species as groups of actually or potential interbreeding natural populations that are reproductively isolated form other such groups
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cladistics
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The branch of systematics hat uses shard derived characters to determine the order of branching events in speciation and therefore which spices are most closely related. Cladistics is concerned with evolutionary relationships, not classification
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cladgram
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An evolutionary tree constructed using the cladisti system
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convergent evolution
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evolution that occurs when smlar environmental influences shape two searate evolutionary lines in smlar ways
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derived character
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a character unique to groupings of organisms (taxa) descended form a common ancestor
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extrinsic isolation mechanism
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a barrier to interbreeding of populations that is not an inherent characteristic of the organisms in the populations GEographic barriers such as rivers are extrinsic isolating mechanisms
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homology
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A structure that is shared in different organisms owing to inheritance from a common ancestor. Homologies are used in help decipher evolutionary relationships
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intrinsic isolation mechanism
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A difference in anatomy, physiology , or behavior that prevents interbreeding between individuals of the same species or of closely related species. One or more intrinsic isolating mechanisms must develop for two populations of the same species to evolve into separate species
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phylogeny
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A hypothesis about the evolutionary relationships of a group organisms
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reproductive isolating
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Any factor, in nautre. prevents interbreeding between individuals of the same or closely related species
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speciation
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The development of new species through evolution
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sympatric speciation
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A type of speciation that occurs in the absence of the geographic separation of populations. polyploidy is special form of sympatric speciation
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systematics
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The field of biology dealing with the diversity and relatedness of organisms. Systematists study the evolutionary history of groups of organisms
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taxon
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Any of the taxonomic categories used in the classification of Earth's organisms, both living and extinct. In order of increasing inclusiveness, these categories are species, genus, family, order, class, phylum,"", kingdom, and domain
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