Biology 1 Lab Phylum Porifera (C.o.s)

Front 1

________ sponges are small, simple forms with a tube-shaped body.

Back 1

Asconoid

Front 2

________ sponges also have a tubular body and whose wall is much thicker and highly folded into a series of incurrent canals that deliver water into radial canals lined with choanocytes.

Back 2

Syconoid

Front 3

_________ sponges have the most complex organization, which permits for an increase in body size. Clusters of flagellated chambers are filled from incurrent canals and discharge their water via excurrent canals into a central osculum.

Back 3

Leuconoid

Front 4

___________ are cells that line the spongocoel of Asconoid sponges that contain a central flagellum surrounded by a collar of microvilli. The flagellums beat regularly, creating a water flow across the microvilli, which can then filter nutrients and other food from the water taken from the collar of the sponge. The cell then phagocytoses food particles.

Back 4

Choanocytes

Front 5

________ are skeletal structures that occur in most sponges. They provide structural support, as well as deterrence against predators.

Back 5

Spicules

Front 6

_______ is a type of collagen protein that forms the fibrous skeleton of most organisms among the sponges.

Back 6

Spongin

Front 7

The ___________ is the large, central cavity of sponges. Water enters into this cavity through hundreds of tiny pores (Ostia) and exits through the larger opening (osculum)

Back 7

Spongocoel

Front 8

The ______ is an excretory structure in the living sponge, a large opening to the outside through which the current of water exits after passing through the spongocoel.

Back 8

Osculum

Front 9

The ______ _____ opens into the spongocoel by way of the apopyle.

Back 9

Radial Canal

Front 10

The _________ ______ opens to the exterior by the dermal ostia.

Back 10

Incurrent Canal

Front 11

_____________ _____ are fertilized eggs(in genus <u>sycon<u/>, but not specific to(uncommon to most sponges)), after undergoing early cleavage in the mesohyl that develop into little blastula-like embryos.

Back 11

Amphiblastula Larva

Front 12

________ are the overwintering stage of freshwater sponges of family Spongillidae, are composed of masses of living amebocytes enclosed within a tough, highly resistant shell. Are found in freshwater sponges and are the result of asexual reproduction (budding), and resemble round, food-filled balls. These have a protective coat composed of spicules and organic matter. They are resistant to desiccation (drying out), freezing, and anoxia (lack of oxygen) and can lie around for long periods of time. When conditions improve, these give rise to an adult Sponge.

Back 12

Gemmules

Front 13

The ________ opens to the spongocoel by this way.

Back 13

Apopyle

Front 14

The ______ _____ opens into the exterior passing, leading from the incurrent canals.

Back 14

Dermal Ostia

Front 15

Water passes from incurrent canals into radial canals through a number of tiny pores called this.

Back 15

Prosopyles

Front 16

Class Calcarea soponges contain spicules composed of _______ _________.

Back 16

calcium carbonate

Front 17

The spicules of calcium carbonate are within Class Calcarea sponges are ____ or ____ rayed.

Back 17

three or four

Front 18

Class Hexactinellida sponges contain spicules composed of ________ material.

Back 18

siliceous

Front 19

Class Demospongiae sponges contain spicules composed of ________ material.

Back 19

silaceous

Front 20

The spicules of Class Hexactinellida are ___ rayed.

Back 20

six

Front 21

The sponges of Class Calcarea have canal systems ________, ________, or _________.

Back 21

leuconoid, syconoid, or asconoid

Front 22

The sponges of Class Hexactinellida have canal sytems of _________, or ________.

Back 22

leuconoid, or syconoid

Front 23

The sponges of Class Demospongiae have canal systems of _________.

Back 23

leuconoid

Front 24

Of the three classes studied, Class ____________ is the only one found in freshwater.

Back 24

Demospongiae

Front 25

A specimen of Genus <u>Eupectella</u> belongs to class ______________.

Back 25

Hexactinellida

Front 26

A specimen of Genus Euplectella has either a ________ or _________ canal system.

Back 26

leuconoid or syconoid

Front 27

The common name for a specimen of Genus Euplectella is _____ ______.

Back 27

glass sponge

Front 28

The sponge that goes by the common name of Venus Flower Basket belongs to Genus __________.

Back 28

<u>Euplectella<u/>

Front 29

The specimen of genus <u>Leucosolenia</u> belongs to Class ________.

Back 29

Calcarea

Front 30

The Genus <u>Sycon (syn.) Scypha<u/> belongs to Class ________.

Back 30

Calcarea

Front 31

The Genus <u>Grantia<u/> belongs to Class ________.

Back 31

Calcarea

Front 32

The Genus <u>Grantia, Sycon, and Scypha<u/> have a ________ canal system.

Back 32

syconoid

Front 33

The specimen of genus <u>Leucosolenia</u> has a ________ canal system.

Back 33

asconoid

Front 34

Many sponges are _________ and therefore fertilize often within its own mesohyl as a means of sexual reproduction.

Back 34

monoecious

Front 35

Choanocytes line the spongocoel in this canal system type.

Back 35

asconoid

Front 36

Choanocytes are in radial canals off spongocoel in this canal system type.

Back 36

syconoid

Front 37

Choanocytes are in chambers off of the radial canals in this canal system type.

Back 37

leuconoid