Biology 1: Chapter 7 Review

Front 1

Cell

Back 1

Basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms

Front 2

Cell Theory

Back 2

States all living organisms are made up of cells.

All living organisms are composed of one or more cells

Cells are a basic unit of structure and organization of all living organisms.

Cells arise from existing cells only.

Front 3

Plasma membrane

Back 3

a special boundary that helps control what enters and leaves the cell.

Front 4

Organelles

Back 4

"little organs" specialized structures that carry out specific cell functions

Front 5

Eukaryotic cells

Back 5

contains a nucleus and other organelles that are bound by membranes

Front 6

Nucleus

Back 6

a distinct central organelle that is bound by membranes, control center of cell. contains most of the cells DNA, which stores information used to make proteins for the cell growth, function and reproduction.

Front 7

Prokaryotic Cells

Back 7

Defined as a cell without a nucleus or other membrane bound organelles.

Front 8

Selective Permeability

Back 8

membrane allows some substances to pass through while keeping others out.

Front 9

Phospholipid Bilayer

Back 9

when layers of phospholipids are arranged tail to tail.

Polar head- attracted to water

non-polar tails- repelled by water.

Front 10

Transport Proteins

Back 10

move needed substances or waste through the plasma membrane

Front 11

Microtubes

Back 11

long hollow protein cylinders that form a rigid skeleton for the cell and assist in moving substances within the cell.

Front 12

Microfilaments

Back 12

thin protein threads that help give the cell shape and enable entire cell or parts of the cell to move.

Front 13

Chromatin

Back 13

complex DNA attached to protein.

Front 14

Rough ER

Back 14

has ribosomes attached that produce protein for export to other cells.

Front 15

Smooth ER

Back 15

no ribosomes.

Carbohydrates, lipids, and phospholipids are synthesized.

Front 16

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Back 16

membrane system of folded sacs and interconnected channels that serve as a site for protein and lipid synthesis.

Front 17

Centrioles

Back 17

organelles made of micro-tubes that function during cell division. They are found in pairs.

Front 18

Thylakoid

Back 18

compartment where energy from sunlight is trapped by chlorophyll (in plants)

Front 19

cellulose

Back 19

carbohydrate substance that makes up the plant cell wall.

Front 20

Cilia

Back 20

short numerous projections that look like hair. aid in locomotive and feeding, in some animal cells and prokaryotes.

Front 21

Flagella

Back 21

long, tail/whip-like structure, aids in locomotion and feeding. In some animal cells, plants and prokaryotes.

Front 22

Diffusion

Back 22

net movement of particles from high to low concentration.

Front 23

Dynamic Equilibrium

Back 23

water molecules move back and forth but no overall change occurs

Front 24

Osmosis

Back 24

Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

Front 25

Solute

Back 25

thing that dissolves in a solvent

Ex: Lemonade mix

Front 26

Solvent

Back 26

what the solute dissolves in

Ex: Water

Front 27

Hypotonic solution

Back 27

hypo- under

Solution has less solute concentration that cell, water flows from low concentration to solute to high concentration of solute. A cell in hypotonic solution has water flow into the cell. Water flows to high concentration areas because its trying to even things out.

Front 28

Osmotic Pressure

Back 28

pressure generated from water flowing into the cell. If solution is extremely hypotonic, plasma membrane could burst from high amount of osmotic pressure.

Front 29

Hypertonic Solution

Back 29

hyper- above

solution has more solute concentration than cell, water flows out of cell and into solution. cells shrivel and die.

Front 30

Isotonic Solution

Back 30

Iso- same

Solution has same concentration as cell. No net movement of water.

Front 31

Endocytosis

Back 31

process by which a cell surrounds a substance and brings it into the cell

Front 32

Exocytosis

Back 32

a process by which a cell expels wastes/secretes substances outside of the cell. Reverse process of Endocytosis.